Enhancing the performance of conventional solar still using the Nano-doped paint (NDP) coating

Nations are throughout the entire globe continuously confronting the problem of potable water shortage. Recently, it has been thought that using solar energy to desalinate brackish water offers a practical answer to the world\u27s water crises. The output of these stills, is meager, and academics haven\u27t done much to boost it in any way. Solar distillers have been proposed as an efficient method to produce potable water. In recent years, saltwater has produced drinking water by various ways. The efficiency of a solar distiller is significantly influenced by various factors, most important factor of them is the absorber surface. In this research, an effort is made to increase the efficiency of a traditional solar distiller by applying a thin coating of Nano-black paint to increase the thermal conductivity of the absorber surface. The absorber significantly affects how effectively the solar still functions. In the experiment described in this article, a layer of Nano-doped black paint (NDBP) was applied on that which absorbs a standard solar still in an effort to improve the device\u27s performance. The results showed that the nanocoating changed the condensation mechanism of all materials from film-wise to droplet-wise.It was also concluded that drip condensation at larger surface inclination angles leads to increased condensate water production.For example, the formation of condensation on the glass surface was increased by the 23rd nanocoating at a surface tilt angle of 50°. Additionally, an additional collector was used to estimate the droplet volume before and after the coating process. Also, The results indicated that, the productivity of the conventional solar still has been increased with about 25-32% when use the nano thermal coated. While the modification in design produces an average 18% improvement in fresh water productivit

A technical survey on using oxyhydrogen with biodiesel/diesel blend for homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Renewable energy should be used instead of fossil fuels owing to the negative impact of fossil fuels on both humans and the environment, as well as the toxic emissions of carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide. Studies investigated the consideration of using alternative fuel that is renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly, especially because of the huge demand for energy, the decline, and the environmental initiatives to decrease the usage of petroleum sources. The addition of oxyhydrogen [HHO] to biodiesel and diesel blends can enhance characteristics; however, there is a concern about raising nitrogen oxide levels, which can have negative impacts on human lives and the environment, contributing to the increase of chronic respiratory conditions, acid rain occurrences, and global warming. Hence, it has been proposed that these issues can potentially be resolved by employing a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled by a mixture of oxyhydrogen gas and biodiesel/diesel fuel to reduce nitrogen oxide until it is negligible. Recent research efforts have discussed the combination of oxyhydrogen gas with biodiesel and diesel blends in an HCCI engine. These studies were performed to obtain the characteristics that result in an improvement in the values of performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency [BTE], brake specific fuel consumption [BSFC], exhaust gas temperature [EGT or Texh.], and volumetric efficiency [ηvol.]. Furthermore, combustion parameters that include peak cylinder pressure [PCP], heat release rate [HRR], mean gas temperature [MGT], ignition delay [ID], and combustion duration [CD] were observed. In addition, exhaust emissions parameters such as nitrogen oxide [NOx], carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC or HC], carbon dioxide [CO2], exhaust oxygen [EO] or oxygen rate [O2], and smoke opacity [soot] were measured

Chemical Kinetic Investigation: Exploring the Impact of Various Concentrations of HHO Gas with a 40% Biodiesel/Diesel Blend on HCCI Combustion

This study uses the Chemkin software program to evaluate the effect of different quantities of oxyhydrogen gas [HHO] added to 40% biodiesel and diesel mix [B40], including B40, B40+5HHO, B40+10HHO, and B40+15HHO, on the HCCI combustion process\u27s efficiency. The information collected includes cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, accumulated gas phase heat release, heat loss rate, UHC, and mole fractions of O2, CO, CO2, diesel [NC7H16], biodiesel [C5H10O2], and oxyhydrogen [H2O]. The finding is that, when compared to a blend of biodiesel and diesel, using oxyhydrogen in the biodiesel/diesel mix boosts the properties of the HCCI engine

Exploring the Influence of Various Factors, Including Initial Temperatures, Equivalence Ratios, and Different Biodiesel/Diesel Blend Ratios, on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Combustion

This paper discusses the impact of three study cases that change with different values: the first case is four initial temperature values [313, 323, 333, and 343 K], the second case is three equivalence ratios [0.2, 0.3, and 0.4], and the third case uses various concentrations of biodiesel and diesel mixes [D100, B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100]. The purpose is to use the Chemkin software program to determine the effectiveness of each case in the HCCI combustion process. The results included cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, accumulated gas phase heat release, heat loss rate, UHC, and mole fractions of O2, CO, CO2, diesel [NC7H16] and biodiesel [C5H10O2]. the conclusion that biodiesel blends enhance the characteristics of the HCCI engine as compared to conventional diesel

Investigation into the Impact of Ammonia Hydroxide on Performance and Emissions in Compression Ignition Engines Utilizing Diesel/Biodiesel Blends

In recent times, there has been a surge in scientific endeavors aimed at combating global warming. Various methods have been employed to address this issue, including the substitution of fossil fuels with more environmentally sustainable alternatives and the combination of different fuel types. This can be achieved through the integration of innovative injection systems and the simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels alongside fossil fuels, or by modifying fuel injection systems such as in the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. In a particular research investigation, a blend of ammonia hydroxide and diesel, with volume percentages of 7.5% and 92.5% respectively, was utilized as green fuels. Various proportions of biodiesel were incorporated into the conventional injection system. Experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine with fuel ratios of D80B20N7.5, D60B40N7.5, D40B60N7.5, D20B80N7.5, and pure diesel. The primary objective was to analyze the engine\u27s brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and resulting emissions. Additionally, the study investigated changes in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and compared the outcomes to those obtained using diesel alone. The study findings revealed that the inclusion of ammonia hydroxide in the blend of diesel and biodiesel in varying volumetric ratios led to an increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to using diesel alone. While the average brake thermal efficiency with pure diesel stood at 20.5%, the introduction of the diesel and biodiesel mixture in different proportions resulted in a decrease in average brake thermal efficiency. However, incorporating ammonia hydroxide at a volumetric percentage of 7.5% into the blend led to an increase in average brake thermal efficiency corresponding to the volumetric percentage employed. The highest brake thermal efficiency of 21.26% was achieved with the D80B20N7.5 mixture. As the percentage of biodiesel increased, there was a subsequent decrease in average brake thermal efficiency. Nevertheless, with the addition of the highest mixture percentage, D20B80N7.5, a brake thermal efficiency of 20.85% was recorded, surpassing the performance of diesel alone

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance by Directly Injecting Blends of Ammonium Hydroxide and Including Liquid Petroleum Gas as a Partially Premixed Charge

Recently, scientists have made significant strides in addressing or mitigating environmental issues. Researchers have adopted various approaches to tackle these issues, such as replacing fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly alternatives or blending multiple fuel types. This can be achieved by either integrating these two trends through the use of new injection systems and simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels with fossil fuels or by modifying fuel injection systems, exemplified by the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. Consequently, these methods have proven effective in reducing environmental pollutants, enhancing thermal efficiency, and decreasing specific fuel consumption. In this study, ammonia hydroxide and diesel were utilized as eco-friendly fuels, with volume ratios of 7.5% and 92.5%, respectively. Using the PCCI system, a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine underwent varying additions of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at rates of two, four, and six liters per minute. This facilitated experimental investigations into the engine\u27s thermal efficiency (BTE) and ambient emissions. Additionally, changes in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were examined and compared with those when using diesel alone or diesel with ammonia hydroxide in the specified proportion. Moreover, empirical findings indicated that incorporating ammonia hydroxide into diesel at volume ratios of 7.5%–92.5% resulted in a mere 20.98% and 23.95% increase in thermal efficiency, respectively, compared to diesel alone. However, the average brake thermal efficiency improved to 24.6% with the introduction of liquefied petroleum gas at a rate of two liters per minute and escalated to 36.2% at a rate of four liters per minute. The highest braking thermal efficiency, 42.9%, was observed at a 2-kw load when adding LPG at a rate of six liters per minute with an increase in load. Additionally, the investigation monitored parameters such as soot opacity, emissions species, exhaust temperature, and specific fuel consumption

The influence of using HHO with sunflower and soybean oil biodiesel/diesel blend on PCCI engine characteristics

This research studies the influence of various blends of sunflower and soybean oil biodiesel with diesel fuel on premixed charge compression engine characteristics, including performance and exhaust emissions, and also investigates the impact caused by oxyhydrogen gas addition on them. The experiments were carried out on a single cylinder PCCI engine which utilizing eight blends of the fuels. Conventional diesel, B20D80, B40D60, B60D40, B80D20, B40D60 + 5 LPM HHO, B40D60 + 10 LPM HHO, and B40D60 + 15 LPM HHO have been used to obtain performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. The hydrogen peroxide additive has introduced into the engine manifold while the diesel/biodiesel fuel blends have been injected directly into the engine cylinder. The results of the studies showed that adding a 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel blend to oxyhydrogen with flow rates of 15 LPM improved the performance characteristics as well as lower exhaust emissions characteristics when compared to the other seven blends. In contrast, conventional diesel had much higher exhaust emissions parameters

Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Co-combustion of Pulverized Biomass with Diesel Fuel in an Industrial Burner

This study presents the combustion and emission results obtained from a laboratory furnace equipped with a 35 kW industrial burner that utilizes co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel. The experiment compared the co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel with diesel fuel alone. Three different loading ratios of pulverized biomass from residual beet samples were used. Temperatures were measured at various positions inside the furnace to analyze combustion performance. It was observed that increasing the biomass loading ratios led to higher flame temperatures and improved combustion compared to diesel fuel alone. The concentrations of pollutants such as Co, HC, and soot emissions were measured for the co-combustion of different ratios of biomass with diesel fuel. The results showed a decrease in emissions compared to diesel fuel alone. By increasing the biomass loading ratios, emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot were reduced by approximately 25%, 50%, 23%, and 30% respectively, compared to diesel fuel alone. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of co-firing biomass derived from agricultural residues with conventional fuel in industrial burners. These findings contribute to the understanding of biomass co-firing technology and support the development of sustainable and cleaner energy generation practices

Engine Performance and Emissions Improvement Study on Direct Injection of Diesel/Ammonia Dual Fuel by Adding CNG as Partially Premixed Charge

Researchers have recently moved on in their studies to find a solution to prevent or reduce this problem. There have been directions taken by researchers to solve the problem, including, replacing fossil fuels with environmentally friendly types or by combining two or more types of fuel. This is by modifying fuel injection systems as appears in the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems, or working to integrate the two trends by using new injection systems and burning alternative fuels with fossil fuels. Therefore, the trend has good results on the specific consumption of fuel, raising thermal efficiency, and working to reduce environmentally polluting emissions. This study employed ammonia hydroxide and diesel as a green fuel, with volume ratios of 7.5% to 92.5%, respectively. By adding a variable percentage of compressed natural gas (CNG) (1.5 litres/min - 2.5liters/min) using the PCCI system in a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine the experimental studies will performed on the engine thermal efficiency (BTE) and emissions polluting the environment. The change in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) will be discussed and the results will be compared with their counterparts in the case of using diesel only and using diesel with ammonia hydroxide of the mentioned percentage only. The vibration analysis system has been employed to evaluate the actual performance of the engine by measuring the vibration using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach. Moreover, after practical experiments, we concluded that using ammonia hydroxide with diesel in volume proportions of 7.5% - 92.5%, when compared to diesel only worked to improve thermal efficiency by 20.98%, and 23.95%, respectively. When natural gas is added by 1.5 litres per minute, the thermal efficiency increases to 26.83%, but when it is added at a rate of 2.5 litres per minute, the thermal efficiency increases to 27.45%. The exhaust temperature, specific fuel consumption, emissions species, and soot opacity will record in the study

Study of performance, combustion, and emissions parameters of DI-diesel engine fueled with algae biodiesel/diesel/n-pentane blends

Biodiesel extracted from Scenedesmus obliquus algae through transesterification was used in the current study. Due to the disadvantages of using pure biodiesel in engines, it was used as B50 (a blend of 50% diesel and 50% biodiesel). To enhance engine performance, n-pentane was used in different extents of 5, 10, and 15 ml per liter as an enhancer additive. Through performance tests, it was found that 15 ml of n-pentane per liter was the best addition as it caused an increase in the brake thermal efficiency of 7.1% and a decrease in brake specific fuel consumption of 6.4% compared to the elegant B50. Whereas for exhaust gases, there was an increase in nitrogen oxides, which was associated with the significant increase in exhaust temperature and the high oxygen content present in B50. In comparison, hydrocarbons emission decreased by 7.2% compared to B50 in contrast to carbon dioxide which increased by 22.3% over B50. The carbon monoxide and oxygen concentrations of the exhaust gases also decreased by 17.35% and 9.5%, respectively compared to B50. The results obtained indicated that there are a significant improvements in pressure evolution and heat release data, which depend on the role of the mixed fuel addition of n-pentane.Scopu