Studies on specific oculo-vascular myiasis (uitpeuloog) in sheep. V. Histopathology

Specimens from 51 sheep and one goat were studied microscopically. Myiasis by Gedoelstia larvae occurred mainly in the organs of the head, neck and thorax, the eyes, brain, heart and blood vessels being most frequently involved. The fundamental lesion was thrombovasculitis which gave rise to glaucoma and other marked lesions in the eyes, infarction of the myocardium, lungs and kidneys and encephalomalacia in various parts of the brain. The migratory pattern of the larva appeared to be primarily intravascular, but extravascular routes such as those along the optic fasciculus and nerves of the head were also observed. The generic name, gedoelstiasis is introduced for this specific type of myiasis.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on specific oculo-vascular myiasis (uitpeuloog) of domestic animals; IV. Chemotherapy

Details of chemotherapeutic and chemoprophylactic trials with systemic organic phosphorus compounds on specific oculo-vascular myiasis under field conditions are given. The results proved encouraging and showed that Dow-ET-57, Ruelene and Neguvon, in this order of efficacy, have definite larvicidal actions against the causal Gedoelstia larvae. The mortality as well as the incidence of blindness were reduced notably by all three insecticides.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on specific oculo-vascular myiasis of domestic animals (uitpeuloog). II. Experimental transmission

It has been shown that thrombo-phlebitis and thrombo-arteritis with prominent eosinophilia are constant lesions pathognomonic for uitpeuloog. The incidence of these lesions is not correlated with the severity of the eye lesions which previously were regarded as the pathogonomonic symptom. Uitpeuloog was transmitted by the subinoculation of large doses of fresh blood from natural cases in the acute phase of the disease. In one instance the infection was maintained by subinoculation in series for three passages, when it was lost. A successful transmission with blood from an apparently healthy wildebeest is recorded. In a single experiment brain material was found to be non-infective. A frequent transmissible intercurrent infection was spirochaetosis due to S. theileri which is believed to play no part in the aetiology of uitpeuloog as a clinical entity. Up to this stage of the investigations the definite aetiological agent had not been identified. It is believed that nutritional and environmental factors are at most of minor aetiological importance. Guinea-pigs and mice were refractory to infection.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Gedoelstial myiasis in antelopes of Southern Africa

Myiasis in the blue wildebeest [Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1923)] and the hartebeest [Alcelaphus buselaphus (Pallas, 1766)] caused by Gedoelstia spp. is described. The incidence of the first stage larvae within various tissues is recorded and further evidence submitted to elucidate their migratory pattern. The most important histological lesions including pachymeningitis and periophthalmitis are recorded. In spite of the constant dural myiasis and frequent pachymeningitis the affected antelopes show no apparent serious clinical manifestations.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on specific oculo-vascular myiasis of domestic animals (uitpeuloog) : I. Historical Review

A characteristic of the Afrikaans language is its facile descriptive potential. This has enabled South African farmers to coin most apt and descriptive names for several diseases not necessarily confined to Southern Africa, e.g. the name lamsiekte (literally translated as lame disease) is far more apt than botulism for the condition caused by the toxin of Clostridium botulinum type C and D and is in general use in the literature today; knopvelsiekte which has been freely translated as lumpy skin disease; bewerasiesiekte (literally trembling disease) for epidemic tremor of poultry ; and geeldikkop (yellow thick head) for the well-known photosensitivity syndrome in sheep are further examples. In the present instance South African farmers have coined the name "uitpeuloog" (literally bulging or protruding eye). This name, the pronunciation of which may occasion some difficulty to the unaccustomed tongue, is far more apt than the English synonym "bulging eye disease" for the condition which is to be described and of which protrusion of the eye-ball was at one time believed to be the sole pathognomonic symptom. An additional synonym is blue wildebeest eye (blouwildebeesoog), a term frequently used by farmers because of their association of the disease with wildebeest (Gorgon taurinus taurinus) which in the region concerned, are largely migratory. It will be shown that the disease is caused by the invasion of an aberrant host by larvae of one of the Oestridae and, therefore, the name specific oculo-vascular myiasis is suggested for the disease commonly called uitpeuloog. Later it will be seen that a more fully descriptive name would be oculo-vascular-neuro myiasis but it is felt that this is unnecessarily clumsy.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A case of nasal myiasis caused by the larvae of telmatoscopus albipunctatus (williston) 1893 (diptera : psychodidae)

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A description of the first stage larva of Oestrus aureoargentatus Rodhain and Bequaert (1912) obtained by artificial mating (Diptera:Oestridae)

A successful attempt at artificial mating by applying the method of decapitation in O. aureoargentatus is recorded. The hitherto unknown first stage larva of this oestrid fly is described and compared with that of O. avis. It proved to be non-pathogenic to sheep. Further unsuccessful trials with the tethering method of Weintraub (1961) are also described.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The toxicology and pathology of dieldrin and photodieldrin poisoning in two antelope species

Blesbuck (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis) were found to be more susceptible to dieldrin and its photoisomer than any vertebrates reported on previously in the literature. In blesbuck the mean cumulative lethal dose of dieldrin at various dietary levels was 9,07 mg/kg and of photodieldrin 1,90 mg/kg. Under field conditions the calculated median lethal dose of photodieldrin to blesbuck was 1,21 mg/kg; to springbuck it was 3,97 mg/kg. In both species rams were more susceptible to photodieldrin than ewes. It was proved that antelope mortalities on veld sprayed with dieldrin for harvester termite (Hodotermes mossambicus) control was principally due to photodieldrin intoxication. In addition to the usual violent nervous signs encountered in chlorinated hydrocarbon intoxication a dumb syndrome, in which blindness was rather characteristic, was seen, especially in the field cases. The pathological changes in the blesbuck and springbuck were similar. Degenerative lesions typical of various conditions, including chlorinated hydrocarbon poisoning, were encountered in the skeletal muscles, myocardium, kidneys and liver of cases of both dieldrin and photodieldrin poisoning. The severity and widespread nature of the lesions in the skeletal muscles and myocardium of natural cases were reminiscent of white muscle disease and capture myopathy. Congestion, oedema and glial swelling of the brain were constant features.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Cytauxzoonosis in a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Zululand

Cytauxzoonosis is reported for the first time in a giraffe [Giraffa camelopardalis (Linnaeus, 1758)] that died naturally of the disease. Both histiotropic and erythrocytic parasites were found. The animal was very anaemic and had marked haemoglobinuria. The most significant lesions were disseminated foci of haemorrhage and necrosis, especially in the liver, spleen and abomasum. Multiple haemorrhages also occurred on both pleura and peritoneum, within and on the entire gastro-intestinal tract, on the surface of the kidneys, subepicardially and in the urinary bladder. Very enlarged and even multinuclear cells heavily parasitized by schizonts were encountered in the lesions.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.

Pneumocystosis in a domestic goat

A fatal case of an infection by the parasite, Pneumocystis carinii Delanoë & Delanoë, 1914, is described in a young domestic goat. The disease was manifested as a severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis accompanied by filling of the alveolar air spaces by large numbers of organisms. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the parasite to be identical to previously described cases in man and other animals. This is apparently the first case recognized in an animal in Africa.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format