4 research outputs found

    Comportamiento a campo de Pinus ponderosa inoculado con hongos ectomicorr铆cicos plantado en pastizales de estepa en Patagonia Andina, Argentina

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    Pinus ponderosa es la especie forestal m谩s plantada en el 谩rea de ecotono de Patagonia, Argentina, sujeta a estr茅s h铆drico y clima mediterr谩neo. Los hongos ectomicorr铆cicos forman asociaciones obligadas y mutuamente beneficiosas con P. ponderosa, que mejoran el crecimiento de las plantas y la resistencia a condiciones adversas. Este trabajo reporta resultados de un ensayo de campo de cinco a帽os de duraci贸n, que busc贸 determinar cu谩les especies ectomicorr铆cicas son m谩s beneficiosas para la supervivencia, el crecimiento, y el estatus nutricional de P. ponderosa luego de la plantaci贸n. El estudio se condujo en dos plantaciones experimentales en pastizales patag贸nicos, donde pl谩ntulas de P. ponderosa inoculadas con Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Hebeloma mesophaeum y hojarasca de P. ponderosa junto a un control sin inoculaci贸n fueron plantados en un dise帽o de bloques al azar. La inoculaci贸n con R. roseolus y S. luteus mejor贸 significativamente el crecimiento de P. ponderosa luego del trasplante en el sitio con mayor estr茅s h铆drico, en comparaci贸n con los tratamientos inoculados con H. mesophaeum u hojarasca. El tratamiento con hojarasca mostr贸 abundante colonizaci贸n de Amphinema byssoides. Estos resultados permiten recomendar especies ectomicorr铆cicas apropiadas para vastas 谩reas de forestaci贸n en Patagonia, y confirmar que diferentes especies ectomicorr铆cicas se comportan distinto en los sitios de plantaci贸n, generando crecimientos diferentes que pueden no ser detectados en la fase de vivero. La inoculaci贸n con especies de hongos promotores de crecimiento que producen fructificaciones comestibles ofrece mejores crecimientos a las plantas, junto a un producto forestal no maderero aprovechable mientras la forestaci贸n crece.Pinus ponderosa is the most planted tree species in the ecotone area of Patagonia, Argentina, subjected to water stress and a Mediterranean climate. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi form obligate mutually beneficial associations with ponderosa pine which improve plant growth and resistance to adverse conditions. This work reports field results of a five-year trial aimed at determining which EM fungal species were most beneficial for pine seedling survival, growth and nutritional status after plantation. The study was conducted in two experimental plantations located in Patagonian grasslands, where ponderosa pine seedlings inoculated with Suillus luteus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Hebeloma mesophaeum and pine duff plus a control were planted in a randomized block design. Inoculation with R. roseolus and S. luteus significantly improved ponderosa pine growth following outplanting in the site subjected to higher water stress, compared with inoculations with H. mesophaeum and pine duff. Pine duff was characterized by abundant Amphinema byssoides morphotypes. These results allow recommending appropriate EM species for afforestation in vast areas of Patagonia, and confirm that different EM species behave differently after transplant, generating different plant growth that may not be detected at nursery stage. Inoculation with these growths promoting edible mycorrhizal species could provide better tree growth and a non-timber product while stands are growing.Fil: Barroetave帽a, Carolina. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bassani, Vilma Noem铆. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; ArgentinaFil: Monges, Juan Ignacio. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; ArgentinaFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentin

    Rescuing the ectomycorrhizal biodiversity associated with South American Nothofagaceae forest, from the 19th century naturalists up to molecular biogeography

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    The southernmost portion of the Andes in South America hosts Nothofagaceae forests that form ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations. We compiled all the published reports of EcM taxa from these woodlands, based on fruit-body collections and molecularly identified root tips. This resulted in 87 peer-reviewed research papers dealing with EcM associations from Nothofagaceae forests published over the past 62 years. Based on these papers the EcM richness and its association with Nothofagaceae species was analyzed. Represented by 45 genera (34 Basidiomycetes and 11 Ascomycetes), 479 EcM taxa have been recorded, plus an additional 46 EcM taxa which are potentially EcM. Cortinarius was the most frequent and diverse genus, with 64.9% of total species. Nothofagus dombeyi had the highest number of unique EcM species, followed by N. pumilio, N. antarctica and Lophozonia obliqua. The EcM community associated with Nothofagus species, except N. nitida, showed higher similarities among themselves, than with Lophozonia and Fuscospora species. Beta diversity indexes showed EcM Nothofagus species have 29-42% niche overlap, while Nothofagus-Lophozonia only had 1-16%. The assessment of the accuracy of the EcM diversity, host specificity and community structure deserve further studies combining phylogenetic analysis based on broad ecological surveys. On the basis of pre-selected criteria Austropaxillus statuum, Cortinarius fragilis, Cortinarius xiphidipus and Hallingea purpurea are proposed as candidates for nursery spore inoculations, and should be subject to scientific evaluation to determine costs and benefits.Fil: Barroetave帽a, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ingenier铆a - Sede Esquel. C谩tedra de Patolog铆a Forestal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; ArgentinaFil: Salgado Salom贸n, Mar铆a Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ingenier铆a - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Ingenier铆a Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Bassani, Vilma. No especif铆ca

    Mycorrhizal inoculation of Pinus ponderosa in Patagonia, Argentina: rootlets colonization, morphotypes descriptions and seedling growth in nursery

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    La selecci贸n de especies ectomicorr铆cicas para inocular pl谩ntulas de pin谩ceas ex贸ticas es un paso necesario para asegurar elestablecimiento, supervivencia y crecimiento en las forestaciones. La utilizaci贸n de esporas como fuente de in贸culo ha sido probadacomo eficiente, accesible y de bajo costo. En este trabajo se desarrollaron los siguientes objetivos: a) evaluar la efectividad de lainoculaci贸n con esporas de las especies Rhizopogon roseolus, Suillus luteus, Hebeloma mesophaeum y Tricholoma muricatum enla micorrizaci贸n de pl谩ntulas de Pinus ponderosa, b) determinar el efecto de la micorrizaci贸n sobre la morfometr铆a de las plantas almomento de llevarlas a plantaci贸n y c) describir los morfotipos micorr铆cicos de cada asociaci贸n particular. Se verific贸 el 茅xito de lamicorrizaci贸n con esporas de S. luteus, R. roseolus y H. mesophaeum, las dos primeras con los valores m谩s altos de colonizaci贸n,validando esta t茅cnica de inoculaci贸n como exitosa para estas especies. La inoculaci贸n con T. muricatum no result贸 exitosa, debi茅ndosedescartar esta especie como posible fuente de in贸culo. La morfolog铆a de los morfotipos desarrollados por S. luteus y R. roseolus fueconstante, aunque con amplias variaciones en H. mesophaeum. Los valores morfom茅tricos de las plantas no difirieron con las deltestigo, corrobor谩ndose resultados de otras partes del mundo.Selection of ectomycorrhizal species to inoculate seedlings of exotic Pinaceae is a necessary step to ensure establishment, survival and growth in the forests. The use of spores as inoculum source has proven to be efficient, accessible and low-cost. In this paper we pursued the following objectives: a) to evaluate the effectiveness of inoculation with spores of Rhizopogon roseolus, Suillus luteus Hebeloma mesophaeum and Tricholoma muricatum on Pinus ponderosa seedlings, b) to determine the effect of mycorrhization on the morphometry of seedlings at planting time and c) to describe the mycorrhizal morphotypes of each individual association. We verified the success of mycorrhization with spores of S. luteus, R. roseolus and H. mesophaeum; the first two present the highest values of colonization, thus validating this technique of inoculation as successful for these species. Inoculation with T. muricatum was not successful, which excludes this species as a possible source of inoculum. The morphology of morphotypes developed by S. luteus and R. roseolus was constant, though very variable in H. mesophaeum. Morphometric parameters of inoculated seedlings did not differ from those of non-inoculated control, corroborating results from other parts of the world.Fil: Barroetave帽a, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Provincia del Chubut. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; ArgentinaFil: Bassani, Vilma M.. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Provincia del Chubut. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentin

    Profitability of the edible mushroom Suillus luteus exploitation for timber producers and for rural families in the Andean region of Chubut province, Argentina

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    Since mid last century, approximately 22,700 ha of Pinus spp. have been planted in the Andean region of Chubut, Argentina. Along with these tree species, the edible mushroom Suillus luteus (slippery jack) also proliferates, with a mean dry productivity of 35 kg ha-1 year-1 for this region. The economic exploitation of this product is currently carried out informally, becoming this non-wood forest product a source of additional revenues for low-income families, but it is unknown so far the returns that its exploitation can bring to forest producers, in addition to timber production. Therefore, two objectives were set for this study: to assess the potential of the edible mushrooms S. luteus to improve the profitability of forest producers, and to evaluate the contribution that the collection and sale of this product may represent to the income of rural households. To do this, the revenues and costs associated with tree harvesting and mushrooms drying were incorporated in the cash flow of forest management, estimating the corresponding performance indicators. On the other hand, socio-economic indicators of contributions to family incomes that the informal exploitation of this resource could provide were calculated. Results indicate that it is possible to improve forest producer profitability by selling dry S. luteus only in those plantations with high productivity, as the internal rate of return increases between 5 to 8 %. Rural families would receive more pay per hour worked selling fresh mushrooms, but the total income would be higher selling it dry.Desde mediados de siglo pasado se implantaron aproximadamente 22.700 ha de Pinus spp. en la zona cordillerana de Chubut. Junto con las plantaciones, comenz贸 a proliferar el hongo comestible Suillus luteus, estim谩ndose una productividad promedio anual en seco para la regi贸n de 35 kg ha-1. La explotaci贸n econ贸mica de este recurso es realizada informalmente, constituyendo una fuente de ingreso adicional para familias de bajos recursos, pero se desconoce la rentabilidad que su aprovechamiento puede aportar a los productores como complemento a la producci贸n de madera. En este estudio se plantearon dos objetivos: evaluar la capacidad del hongo comestible S. luteus para mejorar la rentabilidad del productor forestal, y evaluar el aporte al ingreso familiar que representa la recolecci贸n y venta de este producto. Para ello se incorporaron los costos e ingresos de la cosecha y secado de los hongos al flujo de caja del productor forestal, estimando los indicadores de rentabilidad correspondientes. Adem谩s, se calcularon indicadores socio-econ贸micos de los aportes al ingreso familiar que la explotaci贸n informal del recurso podr铆a brindar. Los resultados indican que es posible mejorar la rentabilidad del productor forestal mediante la venta del producto seco en aquellos casos en los que la productividad de S. luteus es elevada, dado que la tasa interna de retorno crece entre 5 y 8 %. En el caso de las familias recolectoras, si bien recibir铆an mayor retribuci贸n por hora de trabajo vendiendo el producto fresco, el ingreso total es mayor vendi茅ndolo seco.Fil: Fernandez, Maria Victoria. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; Argentina. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; ArgentinaFil: Barroetave帽a, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Bassani, Vilma. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Rios, Fernanda. Provincia del Chubut. Centro de Investigaci贸n y Extensi贸n Forestal Andino Patag贸nico; Argentin
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