Topological Indices and New Graph Structures

Abstract A topological representation of a molecule can be carried out through molecular graph. The descriptors are numerical values associated with chemical constitution for correlation of chemical structure with various physical properties, chemical reactivity or biological activity. A topological index is the graph invariant number calculated from a graph representing a molecule. The most of the proposed topological indices are related either to a vertex adjacency relationship (atom-atom connectivity) in the graph G or to topological distances in G. In this paper we introduce an edge operation ê on the graphs 1 G and 2 G such that resulting graph 1 2 G eG has an edge introduced between arbitrary vertex of 1 G and an arbitrary vertex of 2 G . We investigate few topological indices like Wiener index, Zagreb index, Zagreb coindex, Platt number, geometric -arithmetic index and reverse Wiener index for the graphsm n C eC and ( ) ( ) 2 2 m n P C e P C × × . Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C12, 92E1

Facile and large scale combustion synthesis of α-CoMoO4: Mimics the redox behavior of a battery in aqueous hybrid device

We have made an investigation on cobalt molybdate (α-CoMoO4) as cathode material for aqueous hybrid system, in which the α-CoMoO4 positive material was prepared by a facile and scalable unique solution combustion synthesis (SCS) technique in air at ambient atmosphere. The α-CoMoO4 is stable at ambient temperature. The structural, morphological and pseudocapacitive properties of the α-CoMoO4 were studied by XRD, Raman, SEM and cyclic voltammetry. The XRD and Raman analysis evidenced the formation of pure crystalline α-CoMoO4 phase. The material α-CoMoO4 is reproducible using the simple combustion technique and the process scalability has been determined. The asymmetric hybrid device (AC vs. α-CoMoO4) (activated carbon denoted AC) exhibited good electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacitance (105 Fg-1) and energy density (14.5Whkg-1). The asymmetric device shows very good cycling stability, with 98% of initial capacitance retained after 4000 cycles. The α-CoMoO4 closely mimics the redox mechanism that contributes to the obtained specific capacitance

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Screening and quantification of phytochemicals in the leaves and flowers of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Tabernaemontana heyneana</i> Wall. - a near threatened medicinal plant</span>

237-243The present investigation is aimed to screen and quantify the phytochemicals present in the leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. (Family-Apocynaceae). Various phytochemicals distributed in the leaves and flowers of this plant were extracted by shake flask method, screened and quantified by standard protocols. The phytochemical analysis of different solvent extracts of the leaves and flowers revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars and saponins. Phlobatannins was absent in both the parts. The chloroform extract of leaf and flower contained 58.5± 1.5 mg/g tissue and 1.5± 0.5 mg/g tissue of phytosterols, respectively. Alkaloid content was found to be 14.6± 1.7 mg/g tissue and 7.9± 0.85 mg/g tissue, in leaf and flower, respectively. Flavonoid content was observed to be 4.3± 0.17 mg/g tissue and 1.2± 0.13 mg/g tissue, in both the parts, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were found in the leaves and flowers. High content of sterols, moderate distribution of alkaloids and low amount of flavonoids were observed in both the parts. Moreover, studies proved that the methanol and ethanol were the best solvents for the extraction of the phytochemicals. </span

Screening and quantification of phytochemicals in the leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. - a near threatened medicinal plant

The present investigation is aimed to screen and quantify the phytochemicals present in the leaves and flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. (Family-Apocynaceae). Various phytochemicals distributed in the leaves and flowers of this plant were extracted by shake flask method, screened and quantified by standard protocols. The phytochemical analysis of different solvent extracts of the leaves and flowers revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars and saponins. Phlobatannins was absent in both the parts. The chloroform extract of leaf and flower contained 58.5± 1.5 mg/g tissue and 1.5± 0.5 mg/g tissue of phytosterols, respectively. Alkaloid content was found to be 14.6± 1.7 mg/g tissue and 7.9± 0.85 mg/g tissue, in leaf and flower, respectively. Flavonoid content was observed to be 4.3± 0.17 mg/g tissue and 1.2± 0.13 mg/g tissue, in both the parts, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were found in the leaves and flowers. High content of sterols, moderate distribution of alkaloids and low amount of flavonoids were observed in both the parts. Moreover, studies proved that the methanol and ethanol were the best solvents for the extraction of the phytochemicals

Nano α-NiMoO4 as a new electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors

Nickel molybdate (α-NiMoO4) nanoparticles were prepared by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) technique and, for the first time, were studied as a potential electrode material for supercapacitors. High specific capacitance (1517 F g-1) and energy density (52.7 W h Kg -1) were delivered by nano-α-NiMoO4 at a current density of 1.2 A g-1, due to the pseudocapacitive nature of the material

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of gamma-KCoPO4 Nanocrystals as Promising Electrode for Aqueous Supercapatteries

Herein, discrete gamma-KCoPO4 nanocrystals were prepared by a facile, green and fast sol-gel route. The lattice parameters as well as positional and displacement parameters of atoms in the average gamma-KCoPO4 structure with a space group of P2(1)/n were calculated using full profile Rietveld refinement. Monodispersed quadrangular gamma-KCoPO4 nanocrystals with improved phase purity and crystallinity were found through XRD patterns and HRTEM images. Subsequently, the prepared gamma-KCoPO4 nanocrystals were tested as electrode material for supercapatteries in aqueous electrolytes. The gamma-KCoPO4 electrode shows superior specific charge capacity of 309 C g(-1) at 1 mV s(-1) in 1 M KOH, compared to 1 M NaOH (222 C g(-1)) and 1 M LiOH (77 C g(-1)). Further, it exhibits improved electrochemical activity by delivering an impressive specific charge capacity of 100 C g(-1) at a current of 0.6 mA cm(-2) in an aqueous electrolyte medium with acceptable capacity retention. A lab-scale supercapattery was assembled resembling the commercial device. The fabricated device delivered an enhanced specific energy of 28 W h kg(-1) and a specific power of 1600 W kg(-1) and prolonged cycle life of about 5000 cycles

Improved electrochemical performances of LiMnPO4 synthesized by a hydrothermal method for Li-ion supercapatteries

Developing high-performance positrode materials are essential to attain high energy supercapatteries. In this regard, the electrochemical performances of the hydrothermally synthesized LiMnPO4 are studied. The crystal structures of the materials are elucidated using Full-profile XRD Rietveld refinement. The LiMnPO4 particles showed uniform elongated spherical shape with rice-like morphology. The rice-like LiMnPO4 showed a higher specific capacity of 492Cg(-1) at 2mVs(-1) than highly agglomerated particles synthesized through sol-gel thermolysis method (191Cg(-1)) in 1M LiOH aqueous electrolyte. The supercapattery is fabricated with rice-like LiMnPO4 and activated carbon (AC) as positrode and negatrode, respectively. The supercapattery (AC||LMP-H) delivered a higher capacitance around 99Fg(-1) along with an improved energy density of 31Whkg(-1). On the other hand, the LiMnPO4 prepared by sol-gel thermolysis method exhibited a very low capacitance of 35Fg(-1) at 0.6mA for the fabricated device (AC||LMP-S) with the lesser energy density about 11WhKg(-1) at a power density of 198Wkg(-1). The reason behind the improved performance is explained based on the crystal structure as well as lower charge transfer resistance

Parental age affects somatic mutation rates in the progeny of flowering plants

In humans, it is well known that the parental reproductive age has a strong influence on mutations transmitted to their progeny. Meiotic nondisjunction is known to increase in older mothers, and base substitutions tend to go up with paternal reproductive age. Hence, it is clear that the germinal mutation rates are a function of both maternal and paternal ages in humans. In contrast, it is unknown whether the parental reproductive age has an effect on somatic mutation rates in the progeny, because these are rare and difficult to detect. To address this question, we took advantage of the plant model system Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where mutation detector lines allow for an easy quantitation of somatic mutations, to test the effect of parental age on somatic mutation rates in the progeny. Although we found no significant effect of parental age on base substitutions, we found that frameshift mutations and transposition events increased in the progeny of older parents, an effect that is stronger through the maternal line. In contrast, intrachromosomal recombination events in the progeny decrease with the age of the parents in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner. Our results clearly show that parental reproductive age affects somatic mutation rates in the progeny and, thus, that some form of age-dependent information, which affects the frequency of double-strand breaks and possibly other processes involved in maintaining genome integrity, is transmitted through the gametes

Current trends and future scope in 3D printing for surgical management of spine pathologies

10.1016/j.bprint.2022.e00197Bioprinting26e00197-e0019