A look at the orthographic challenges of Afghanistan's Uzbek language

The Uzbek language belongs to the eastern branch of Turkic languages. Turkic languages are part of the Ural-Altaic language family. The history of orthography and ancient literature of the Uzbek language goes back to the 'Orkhon Yinisey' stone in orthography ions. These petroglyphs were obtained from the beach of the Orkhon Seas in Mangolia, Yenisey (Anasay-Mother valley) in southern Siberia, Talas in Kyrgyzstan, and other areas such as Eastern Turkistan, Central Asia, Caucasus, Volga beach and parts of Europe area. These historical sites contain Turkish-Ronics writings. In the stone in orthography ions of 'Orkhon Yinisey', some of which include eulogies and hymns describing Turkish kings, are carved on the tombstones of Turkish kings and princes. The orthography of the Uzbek language of Uzbekistan has always changed from the previous state. However, the Uzbek orthography in Afghanistan has never changed since the 12th century until now; they use the Arabic-Uzbek orthography. In this research, library resources are used

Analysis of compound nouns containing the word "Alp" in Mahmud Kāshgarī's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk by Mahmud Kāshgarī is a significant work in the study of linguistics and literary works from the 11th century AD. It covers cultural, social, political, geographical subjects, and the use of compound words such as "Alp" is prevalent throughout the book. The work is considered unique among the Turk nation from a scientific, historical, and linguistic point of view. The Kāshgarī's linguistic view, the introduction of words, grammatical rules, and phonetic features of Turkic languages are examined in this book. The work was written during the reign of the Khaqani Turks, and it reflects the use of specific old Turkish nouns by members of the nobility. For example, each member of the nobility had old Turkish nouns like: Tegin çağr, Tegin küç, Qutluğ Tegin, Tegin kömüş, Tuğ Tegin, börı Tegin, Toŋa Tegin, Arsalan Tegin, tuğrul Tegin, Yenal Tegin, Qara Tegin. The Khaqan kings also used the word "Öge(üke) Tegit" to refer to their youngest children and individuals removed from their positions. The book analyzes the structure of compound nouns with the word "Alp", such as "Alp Aya", "Alp Er Toŋa”, "AlpAağut", and "AlpTegin", using the library method. The semantic and formal features of these compound nouns are also examined, drawing on reliable scientific sources and data from Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. Overall, this research provides a detailed examination of the linguistic and historical significance of Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk

Afganistan'daki Özbek kadın şairler

Asyanın kalbi sayılan Afganistan, milattan önceki dönemlerden 19. Yüzyıla kadar çeşitli Türk devletlerin egemenliği altına kalmış olan kadim bir Türk coğrafyasıdır. Türklerden sonra hâkimiyet Peştunlara geçmiş ve bölgenin adı Afganistan olmuştur. Bugünkü Afganistan'da Peştunlar, Tacikler ve Türkler yaşamaktadırlar. Ülkenin ikinci kalabalık etnik grubu olan Türkler genelde ülkenin kuzeyinde yaşamakta ve bu bölge "Güney Türkistan" ya da "Güney Türk Eli" olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Nüfusları 8-10 milyon üzerinde olan Afganistan Türkleri içinde en kalabalık Türk grubu Özbeklerdir. Afganistan Türklerinin dil ve edebiyat sahasındaki en parlak zamanları, "Çağatay Dönemi" olarak adlandırılan 14-19. yüzyıllarıdır. Bu dönemin en dikkat çeken isimler ise Ali Şir Nevaî, Babür Şah ve Lütfi vb. Daha sonraki dönemlerdeki yazarlar ve şairler, Çağatayca klasik dil ve edebiyatından etkilenerek kendi edebî faaliyetlerini devam ettirmişlerdir. Ve zamanla Çağatay Dönemi edebiyatı yerine Çağdaş Özbek Edebiyatına bırakmıştır. Afganistan'da ağırlıkla olarak üç dil kullanılmaktadır: Farsça, Peştunca ve Türkçe. Peştunca ve Farsça devlet dili olarak anayasada yerini alırken, Türkçe (Özbekçe Türkçesi ve Türkmen Türkçesi) en çok konuşulan bölgelerde 2003 yılından beri üçüncü dil olarak resmi bir statü kanmış, ancak bu resmiyette kalmıştır. Afganistan'da uygulanan dil politikalarına rağmen, Türk yazarları ve şairler, kendi ana dilleriyle varlıklarını devam ettirerek edebî faaliyetlerde bulunmaktadırlar. Dilin ve edebiyatının gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması için sadece erkek yazarlar değil, kadınlar de katkı sağlamaktadır. Afganistan'da yaşayan Özbek kadın şairlerinin inceleneceği bu tez çalışmasının, giriş kısmında Afganistan hakkında genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra, Afganistan'da yaşayan Türk boyları ve onların sosyal ve kültürel yaşamları hakkında da bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra kadınların sosyal ve kültürel yaşamdaki yeri ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümünde, Afganistan Özbek edebiyatı hakkında genel bilgi verilmiştir ve Özbek şairler genel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümünde kadın şairlerin hayat hikâyeleri, edebî faaliyetleri ve şiirlerinden örnek verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümünde ise şairlerin şiirlerini içerik ve biçim konusu ile birlikte çalışmanın sonucu yer verilmektedir.Afghanistan as a heart of Asia, from prior the BC periods until 19. Century, it was an ancient Turk geography which had been remained under the dominance of different Turks authorities. After the Turks, the power had been passed to the hand of Pashtuns and therefore, the name of region was changed to Afghanistan. In today Afghanistan, there are living different ethnic groups such as Pashtuns, Tajiks, and Turk ethnic groups (Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kazaks,…). Turk ethnic groups as the second most populated part in Afghanistan, are mostly living in northern parts of the country which is named as "Northern Turkistan" or "The Northern Hand of Turk". Turks with 8-9 million population is the most populated part among the other Afghanistan's Turk ethnic groups. The bright session of Afghanistan's Turks in terms of language and literature was the "Cagatay Period" between 14 and 19. Centuries. The most striking names of this era was Ali Sheer Navai, Babur Shah, Lutfy and etc. The writers and poets of the next years were affected from Cagatayca language and literature and the writers and poets continued their own style of literary and as well as activities. Through the length of time, Modern Uzbek Literature was emerged instead of Cagatay session literature. In Afghanistan, mostly are spoken three languages such as Persian (Dari), Pashtu, and Turk languages. While Persian and Pahtu were recognized as government official languages through constitutions, Turkish Languages (Uzbek Turkish and Turkmen Turkish languages) since 2003 have been remained as the country's third positioned language. Despite of the implemented language politics in Afghanistan, Turk writers and poets have kept up the existence of their own native languages and their literary activities as well. In the progress and implementation of Turk languages not only men have been playing a noticeable role but on the other hand women also have been contributing a great deal. In this thesis, the Uzbek woman poets who are living in Afghanistan are observed and in the introduction part of the thesis after giving general information about Afghanistan, the social and cultural lives of Turk Women is discussed. Subsequently, The Turk Women's social and cultural positions in the society is investigated. In the first section, is given general information on Afghanistan Uzbek literature and Uzbek poets are evaluated in general. In the second part, examples are given about women poet's life stories, their literary activities and their poems. And finally, in the third chapter the theme and subject of the poet's poems are placed as the result of this thesis