PANC Study (Pancreatitis: A National Cohort Study): national cohort study examining the first 30 days from presentation of acute pancreatitis in the UK

Background Acute pancreatitis is a common, yet complex, emergency surgical presentation. Multiple guidelines exist and management can vary significantly. The aim of this first UK, multicentre, prospective cohort study was to assess the variation in management of acute pancreatitis to guide resource planning and optimize treatment. Methods All patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years presenting with acute pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria, from March to April 2021 were eligible for inclusion and followed up for 30 days. Anonymized data were uploaded to a secure electronic database in line with local governance approvals. Results A total of 113 hospitals contributed data on 2580 patients, with an equal sex distribution and a mean age of 57 years. The aetiology was gallstones in 50.6 per cent, with idiopathic the next most common (22.4 per cent). In addition to the 7.6 per cent with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 20.1 per cent of patients had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis. One in 20 patients were classed as having severe pancreatitis, as per the Atlanta criteria. The overall mortality rate was 2.3 per cent at 30 days, but rose to one in three in the severe group. Predictors of death included male sex, increased age, and frailty; previous acute pancreatitis and gallstones as aetiologies were protective. Smoking status and body mass index did not affect death. Conclusion Most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis have a mild, self-limiting disease. Rates of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis are high. Recurrent attacks of pancreatitis are common, but are likely to have reduced risk of death on subsequent admissions

Evaluation the effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Prunus cerasifera x salicina (Rosaceae) growth compared with chemical and organic fertilizer

Biofertilizer isconsidered as an alternative to chemical fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. The use of biofertilizer is steadily increased in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and supplements. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of local ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from the roots of some plants, on growth of Prunus cerasifera x salicinaunder greenhouse conditions. The impact of symbiotic fungus on the plant growthparameters wasmeasured by comparing the inoculated plants, with control plants and plants treated with chemical fertilizer and compost. The fungus isolated from P.cerasifera(myrobalan) roots in PDA media, and pure culture was obtained.50 plants were grown 10 for each parameter as follow:"10" seedlings planted in sterile soil without fungus and fertilizer (control); "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil was fertilizedwith theisolatedfungus; "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil was fertilizedbychemical fertilizers without fungus; "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil 50% and 50% compost; "10" seedlings planted in 100% compost.Our results showeda positive influence of the ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growthparametersof P.cerasifera x salicinaseedling compared with control, chemical fertilizer and compost, in all growth parameters. Thedifferentgrowth parameters weremeasuredafter incubationof plant seedlingsin the green house for four months. We concludedthat the use of ectomycorrhizal fungi gave positive influence on the growth of plant. According to these results,we strongly recommend the use of symbiotic fungi as total or partial substitute of other fertilizer.Biofertilizer isconsidered as an alternative to chemical fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. The use of biofertilizer is steadily increased in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and supplements. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of local ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from the roots of some plants, on growth of Prunus cerasifera x salicinaunder greenhouse conditions. The impact of symbiotic fungus on the plant growthparameters wasmeasured by comparing the inoculated plants, with control plants and plants treated with chemical fertilizer and compost. The fungus isolated from P.cerasifera(myrobalan) roots in PDA media, and pure culture was obtained.50 plants were grown 10 for each parameter as follow:"10" seedlings planted in sterile soil without fungus and fertilizer (control); "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil was fertilizedwith theisolatedfungus; "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil was fertilizedbychemical fertilizers without fungus; "10" seedlings planted in sterile soil 50% and 50% compost; "10" seedlings planted in 100% compost.Our results showeda positive influence of the ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growthparametersof P.cerasifera x salicinaseedling compared with control, chemical fertilizer and compost, in all growth parameters. Thedifferentgrowth parameters weremeasuredafter incubationof plant seedlingsin the green house for four months. We concludedthat the use of ectomycorrhizal fungi gave positive influence on the growth of plant. According to these results,we strongly recommend the use of symbiotic fungi as total or partial substitute of other fertilizer

An Investigation of Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services from Users’ Perspectives

Cloud computing is one of the paradigms that have undertaken to deliver the utility computing concept. It views computing as a utility similar to water and electricity. We aim in this paper to make an investigation of two highly efficacious Cloud platforms: Microsoft Azure (Azure) and Amazon Web Services (AWS) from users’ perspectives the point of view of users. We highlight and compare in depth the features of Azure and AWS from users’ perspectives. The features which we shall focus on include (1) Pricing, (2) Availability, (3) Confidentiality, (4) Secrecy, (5) Tier Account and (6) Service Level Agreement (SLA). The study shows that Azure is more appropriate when considering Pricing and Availability (Error Rate) while AWS is more appropriate when considering Tier account. Our user survey study and its statistical analysis agreed with the arguments made for each of the six comparisons factors

Indicadores fisiológicos da interação entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em cana-de-açúcar Physiological indicators of the interaction between water deficit and soil acidity in sugarcane

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores fisiológicos da interação entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em plantas jovens de cana-de-açúcar. As plantas foram submetidas a três tratamentos de disponibilidade hídrica, medidos em percentagem de capacidade de campo (CC) - sem estresse (70% CC), estresse moderado (55% CC) e estresse severo (40% CC); e três tratamentos de acidez no solo, medidos em termos de saturação por bases (V) - baixa acidez (V = 55%), média acidez (V = 33%) e alta acidez (V = 23%). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação a 29,7±4,3ºC e 75±10% UR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. Após 60 dias, foram determinados os teores de solutos compatíveis - trealose, glicina betaína e prolina - na folha diagnóstico e o crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Os solutos compatíveis trealose, glicina betaína e prolina são indicadores do efeito da interação dos estresses hídrico e ácido no solo. O acúmulo dos solutos compatíveis nos tecidos foliares das plantas não é capaz de impedir a redução na produção de matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar, resultante do agravamento nas condições de disponibilidade hídrica e de acidez no solo.<br>The aim of this work was to assess the physiological indicators of the interaction between water deficit and soil acidity, in sugarcane. The plants were submitted to three treatments of water availability - no stress (70% of field capacity, FC), moderate stress (55% FC), and extreme stress (40% FC); and three acidity treatments - no acidity [base saturation (V) = 55%], average acidity (V = 33%), and high acidity (V = 23%). The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, with 29.7±4.3ºC and 75±10% RH. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 3x3 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. After 60 days, the contents of compatible solutes - trehalose, glycine betaine and proline - in the diagnostic leaf and the initial growth of shoots were determined. The compatible solutes trehalose, glycine betaine, and proline are indicators of the interaction of water and acidity stresses in the soil. The accumulation of compatible solutes in plant foliar tissues can not prevent sugarcane losses in dry matter production, caused by increasing water deficit and soil acidity