Динамика морфологических изменений легких при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме, осложненной аспирацией крови

26 pieces of corpses' lungs died from acute cerebral trauma had been investigated by morphological methods. The purpose of the research work is to estimate the character and time of morphological signs, which characterize acute lung injury. It was obtained that the most early morphological changes in lung - injuries of bronchial mucosa membrane, circulation damages (microcirculation), atelectasis, distelectasis and acute emphysema. Lung edema and signs of systemic inflammation reaction occur during the first hours after the trauma and aspiration.Морфологическими методами исследованы легкие трупов лиц, погибших в результате тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы, осложненной аспирацией крови (26 наблюдений). Цель исследования - оценить характер и сроки развития морфологических признаков, характеризующих острое повреждение легких. Установлено, что наиболее ранними морфологическими изменениями легких являются: повреждение слизистой оболочки бронхов и бронхиол, расстройства кровообращения (в том числе микроциркуляции), развитие ателектазов, дистелектазов и острой эмфиземы. Отек легких и признаки системной воспалительной реакции формируются в первые часы после травмы и аспирации

Clozapine: Mechanisms of toxicity and side effects

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent with a confirmed effectiveness which is widely used in the clinical practice. However, its administration is associated with a high risk of serious adverse events. Life-threatening conditions related to administration of clozapine may be a result of idiosyncrasy, acute poisoning resulting from unintentional overdose of the prescribed dug, suicidal behavior, and criminal actions. The review presents current data on the mechanism of therapeutic and toxic effect of clozapine. It describes the effect of clozapine on cell receptors and ultracellular structures. It dwells on the contribution of major and intermediate metabolites of this medicinal agent to the development of toxic effects. © 2018, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved

Clozapine: Mechanisms of toxicity and side effects

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent with a confirmed effectiveness which is widely used in the clinical practice. However, its administration is associated with a high risk of serious adverse events. Life-threatening conditions related to administration of clozapine may be a result of idiosyncrasy, acute poisoning resulting from unintentional overdose of the prescribed dug, suicidal behavior, and criminal actions. The review presents current data on the mechanism of therapeutic and toxic effect of clozapine. It describes the effect of clozapine on cell receptors and ultracellular structures. It dwells on the contribution of major and intermediate metabolites of this medicinal agent to the development of toxic effects. © 2018, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved

Morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning

The aim of the study is to summarize the histology and morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning. Material and methods. Histological examination of the parietal cortical brain samples of 26 patients died during the Day 1 of acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning (23 males and 3 females aged 22–63 years) was per-formed. The blood ethanol level was 1.4–4.1‰. The level of clozapine in the blood ranged between 0.24 and 5.8 mg%, in the liver between 0.097 and 6.5 mg%, in kidneys between 0.03 and 3.5 mg%. The cortical samples for morphometric examination were placed in 10% neutral paraformaldehyde, the histological sections were done and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to Niessl. The morphological analysis was performed using the video light microscopy. The number of damaged neurons (with separate quantification of reversible, intermediate, and irreversible damage) was assessed. The statistical analysis was done using the non-parametric methods. Results. The signs of brain neuronal damage in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning, as well as forensic chemical tests, might be used for establishing the direct cause of death. © 2020, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved