Lexical and Syntactic Development of Dizygotic Persian-Speaking Twins from 21 to 31 Months

The present study examines the lexical and syntactic development of dissimilar Persian-speaking twins named Behzad and Behnam over a period of ten months (from the beginning of 21 months to the beginning of 31 months). This study seeks to find out what differences and similarities there are in the syntactic and lexical development of these twins, despite the fact that the two children grow up in the same language environment. The data of this study were collected through rapid observation and recording of data in a notebook, audio and video recording using a video camera and audio recorder, as well as the diary of the mother of the twins in which children's language products were recorded. The investigation of the collected data and their comparative analysis each month shows a significant difference between the lexical and syntactic development of the twins. Although in the early months of the study, Behzad had a much higher language ability compared to his twin brother, Behnam, from the fourth month of the study, a significant increase in Behnam's lexical and syntactic growth rate was observed. Considering that the language development environment of these two children, both in the family and in the kindergarten, has often been the same, the existence of differences in the lexical and syntactic developmental stages of these two children can be attributed to the difference in innate and inherited linguistic talent of these two children. Dizygotic twins do not have exactly the same chromosomal structure. The results of this study show creative mental activities in two children, which is evidenced by the existence of numerous cases of over-extension and overgeneralization

Combined effect of the magnetic field, orientation, and filling ratio on cylindrical pulsating heat pipe using distilled water and distilled water/Fe3O4 nanofluid

To investigate the effect of the magnetic field, a pulsating heat pipe was made in the shape of a cylinder and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (%0.1 wt) were used with the base fluid of distilled water as the working fluid. (Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide) TMAH surfactant was used as a stabilizer. To investigate the effect of gravity on the performance of the pipe, the device was tested at different angles from zero to 90 degrees. In this research, the effect of different variables, including the type of working fluid (distilled water vs. nanofluid), filling ratio, slope, and amount of heat input to the evaporator (30–300 W), in two different states, once without the influence of the magnetic field and once again with the application of a magnetic field was investigated. The results of the tests showed that the performance of the device at 50 % filling ratio is better than 60 % filling ratio. The use of nanoparticles improved the performance of the device. Inclining the device increases the thermal resistance so that the device performs poorly in the horizontal mode in all modes except when it is under the influence of a magnetic field. The use of nanofluid, as well as the application of a magnetic field, makes the start-up time of the device decrease by 37 % and 30 %, respectively, compared to distilled water. The temperature of the start of fluctuations also decreases by 24 % and 32 %, respectively

Determining the Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Partner Phubbing Scale

The aim of the current research was to study the adaptability and invariance of the Partner Phubbing Scale in Iranian society, as well as its factor structure. The current research method was implemented in terms of the purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data acquisition, as well as correlational analysis process. The statistical population of this research consisted of all married teachers in Zanjan province in 2022. The total number of participants was 841. Of these, 481 were female, 238 were male, and 122 had not designated their gender. The Partner Phubbing scale was the primary instrument utilized in this investigation.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics indicators, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the dataset. The Lavaan package, EGAnet package, and SPSS26 software were employed to conduct the data analysis in R software. The findings showed that the Partner Phubbing Scale had a single-factor structure. With the exception of item 7, all items demonstrated a satisfactory fit with the graded response model. The fit indices were satisfactory and appropriate. The outputs indicated that this scale had proper reliability. Although the tool’s discriminant validity was minimal; however, it was preserved at the construct level. This measure was verified to be gender-invariant. All items, with the exception of item 7, exhibited significant factor loading. Additionally, this scale exhibited appropriate divergent and convergent validity. The Partner Phubbing Scale exhibited optimized psychometric properties for future research research applications, as indicated by the results. Yet, future research should evaluate the discriminant validity of this tool and the psychometric indices of item 7 in various samples with different demographic and cultural characteristics

The Relationship between Metabolic Control and Growth in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Southwest of Iran

Background. Metabolic control is an important factor in growth of children with type I diabetes. This study assessed the relationship between growth and metabolic control in such children. Materials and Methods. 83 children with diabetes were studied. They were examined for weight and height gain and HbA1C was quantified every 3 months for one year. The growth process was studied in patients who were divided into 3 groups according to their HbA1C amounts, consisting of good, intermediate, and poor metabolic control. Results. Mean age of cases was 7.6 ± 2. The presenting sign at the onset of disease was diabetic ketoacidosis in 44.6%. The average HbA1C amount was 8.89%. The average weight SDS at diagnosis was −0.18 and at the end of the study was 0.45 (P<0.001). The average height SDS at diagnosis was −0.04 and at the end of the study was −0.07 (P=0.64). A significant difference in weight SDS changes was only seen between patients with good and poor metabolic control (P=0.04). Conclusion. Poor metabolic control can decrease height growth but has minimal influence on weight. Metabolic control was not the only predictive factor of physical growth in children with diabetes

Digital storytelling listening influence on iranian intermediate efl learners’ pronunciation

The goal behind this research is to survey digital storytelling listening effect on of Iranian intermediate EFL learners' pronunciation. Two full classes were randomly chosen from Joybar located Nikan institute, Mazandaran, Iran and split into two diverse experimental and control groups. To enhance pronunciation, the experimental group was given training via listening to audio-stories as a strategy for eight sessions, opposed to the control group students receiving a placebo. As pretest for both groups, a pronunciation test was handed out ahead of taking the treatment and following the treatment to discover if the program was effective in boosting the learners' pronunciation, a post-test was run. In order to find out the mean pronunciation performance in the two groups in the pretest and post-test, T-test was applied. According to the results, a meaningful gap was seen between the experimental and the control groups' means and the learners' general pronunciation proficiency in the post test got promoted. In addition, the finding indicated that the designed digital storytelling program was effective since it boosted the learners’ motivation to enhance their pronunciation

Experimental Study on Combustion and Pollution Characteristic of Gas Oil and Biodiesel

The industrial development of the world has increased the demand of petroleum-based fuels sharply which are obtained from limited in certain regions of the world. As a result, most of the countries have to face energy crisis. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuels which can be produced from resources available locally within the country. Lots of researches on biofuels such as alcohol, biodiesel and vegetable oils have been conducted to accelerate the development of a next generation of clean, green biofuels that can compete with fossil fuels in economics and well as performance. Biodiesel is a renewable, domestically produced fuel that has been shown to reduce particulate, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions from combustion. In the present study an experimental investigation on emission characteristic of a liquid burner system operating on several percentage of biodiesel and gas oil is carried out. Samples of exhaust gas are analysed with Testo 350 Xl. The results show that biodiesel can lower some pollutant such as CO, CO2 and particulate matter emissions while NOx emission would increase in comparison with gas oil. They also demonstrate growth in temperature of exhaust gas with increase of percentage of biodiesel from B0 to B40. The results indicate there may be benefits to using biodiesel in industrial processes.</jats:p