Overview work forming dialogue speaks medium preschool age

В статье рассматривается вопрос диагностики сформированности диалогической речи у детей среднего дошкольного возраста, применяемые в ДОО. Перечислены умения, определяющие уровень сформированности диалогических умений у детей данного возраста: умение вступать в разговор и поддерживать его, умение задавать вопросы и отвечать на них, умение завершать разговор. На базе исследований О. А. Бизиковой, А. В. Чулковой перечислены диагностические задания, которые позволяют проверить уровень сформированности указанных умений. Представлены критерии: содержание диалога, средства общения, коммуникативно-семантический тип высказывания, способы общения. К каждому критерию подобраны показатели оценки уровня сформированности диалогической речи у детей среднего дошкольного возраста, выделенные А. Г. Арушановой. Описаны уровневые характеристики сформированности умений диалогической речи у детей среднего дошкольного возраста.The article deals with the issue of diagnostics of the formation of dialogical speech in children of middle preschool age, used in preschool education. The skills that determine the level of formation of dialogic skills in children of a given age are listed: the ability to engage in and maintain a conversation, the ability to ask questions and answer them, the ability to end a conversation. On the basis of the research of O. A. Bizikova, A. V. Chulkova, diagnostic tasks are listed that allow you to check the level of formation of the indicated skills. The following criteria are presented: the content of the dialogue, the means of communication, the communicative-semantic type of expression, the ways of communication. For each criterion, indicators were selected for assessing the level of formation of dialogic speech in children of middle preschool age, singled out by A. G. Arushanova. The level characteristics of the formation of skills of dialogic speech in children of middle preschool age are described

GH deficiency status combined with GH receptor polymorphism affects response to GH in children

Meta-analysis has shown a modest improvement in first-year growth response to recombinant human GH (r-hGH) for carriers of the exon 3-deleted GH receptor (GHRd3) polymorphism but with significant interstudy variability. The associations between GHRd3 and growth response to r-hGH over 3 years in relation to severity of GH deficiency (GHD) were investigated in patients from 14 countries. Treatment-naïve pre-pubertal children with GHD were enrolled from the PREDICT studies (NCT00256126 and NCT00699855), categorized by peak GH level (peak GH) during provocation test: ≤4 μg/l (severe GHD; n>45) and >4 to <10 μg/l mild GHD; n=49) and genotyped for the GHRd3 polymorphism (full length (fl/fl, fl/d3, d3/d3). Gene expression (GE) profiles were characterized at baseline. Changes in growth (height (cm) and SDS) over 3 years were measured. There was a dichotomous influence of GHRd3 polymorphism on response to r-hGH, dependent on peak GH level. GH peak level (higher vs lower) and GHRd3 (fl/fl vs d3 carriers) combined status was associated with height change over 3 years (P<0.05). GHRd3 carriers with lower peak GH had lower growth than subjects with fl/fl (median difference after 3 years K3.3 cm; K0.3 SDS). Conversely, GHRd3 carriers with higher peak GH had better growth (+2.7 cm; C0.2 SDS). Similar patterns were observed for GH-dependent biomarkers. GE profiles were significantly different between the groups, indicating that the interaction between GH status and GHRd3 carriage can be identified at a transcriptomic level. This study demonstrates that responses to r-hGH depend on the interaction between GHD severity and GHRd3 carriage