Effect of Thermal Pretreatments on Phosphorylation of Corypha umbraculifera L. Stem Pith Starch: A Comparative Study Using Dry-Heat, Heat-Moisture and Autoclave Treatments

Talipot starch, a non-conventional starch source with a high yield (76%) from the stem pith of talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) was subjected to three different thermal treatments (dry-heat, heat-moisture and autoclave treatments) prior to phosphorylation. Upon dual modification of starch with thermal treatments and phosphorylation, the phosphorous content and degree of crosslinking significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and was confirmed by the increased peak intensity of P=O and P–O–C stretching vibrations compared to phosphorylated talipot starch in the FT-IR spectrum. The highest degree of crosslinking (0.00418) was observed in the autoclave pretreated phosphorylated talipot starch sample. Thermal pretreatment remarkably changed the granule morphology by creating fissures and grooves. The amylose content and relative crystallinity of all phosphorylated talipot starches significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) due to crosslinking by the formation of phosphodiester bonds, reducing the swelling power of dual-modified starches. Among all modified starches, dry-heat pretreated phosphorylated starch gel showed an improved light transmittance value of 28.4%, indicating reduced retrogradation tendency. Pasting and rheological properties represented that the thermal pretreated phosphorylated starch formed stronger gels that improved thermal and shear resistance. Autoclave treatment before phosphorylation of talipot starch showed the highest resistant starch content of 48.08%

Influence of Organic Acids on a Non-Conventional Starch from Corypha umbraculifera L. to Improve Its Functionality and Resistant Starch Content

Talipot starch isolated from the stem of talipot palm is an underutilized and non-conventional source of starch with a high yield (76%). Resistant starch (RS) possesses varied physiological benefits by acting as a dietary fiber and reduces the risk of many degenerative diseases. The process of starch esterification considerably increases the RS and improves other starch characteristics, such as reducing gelatinization temperature and retrogradation tendency. In the present study, talipot starch was esterified with two organic acids: acetic acid and lactic acid. By introducing the ester group (C=O), the modified starches exhibited a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in amylose content, relative crystallinity, swelling index, gelatinization temperature, and peak viscosity of starch. Lactic acid showed a higher impact on starch depolymerization and RS formation than acetic acid between the organic acids. Esterified talipot starch with a comparatively high yield can be utilized in the preparation of low-calorie foods

Contemporary insights into the extraction, functional properties, and therapeutic applications of plant proteins

Recently, plant proteins have received notable attention as food and medicine. Further, plant proteins are used to produce and isolate peptides to treat and prevent diseases in humans and animals. Plant proteins can be extracted from various sources, including industrial waste materials. Conventional and nonconventional methods are used to carry out the protein extraction. This review aims to overview the advanced protein extraction methods and the therapeutic functionalities of plant proteins and peptides. It was observed that the advanced protein extraction methods, i.e., ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted, are more efficient, eco-friendly, and less energy-consuming. The advanced protein extraction methods will help to face the challenges of using protein in food processing. In addition to the food functionality, plant-based proteins and peptides show potential therapeutic activity. It includes antidiabetic activity, anticancer activity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries will likely rely heavily on plant-derived peptides because of their benefits as functional ingredients

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Civil Engineering

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and technical researchers presented at the 6th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Civil Engineering (ICMSC 2022). ICMSC 2022 was organized by the Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, India on December 1-3, 2022. The main aim of this conference is to bring together leading academicians, researchers, technocrats, practitioners, and students to exchange and share their experiences and research outputs on all aspects of Civil Engineering, especially related to the modeling and simulation in Civil Engineering.  Conference Title: 6th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Civil EngineeringConference Acronym:  ICMSC 2022Conference Date: 1-3 December 2022Conference Location: IndiaConference Organizer: Department of Civil Engineering, TKM College of Engineering, Kollam, Kerala, Indi