On the presence of metallofullerenes in fullerene-rich circumstellar envelopes

The presence of neutral C60 fullerenes in circumstellar environments has been firmly established by astronomical observations as well as laboratory experiments and quantum-chemistry calculations. However, the large variations observed in the C60 17.4 μm/18.9 μm band ratios indicate that either additional emitters should contribute to the astronomical infrared (IR) spectra or unknown physical processes exist besides thermal and UV excitation. Fullerene-based molecules such as metallofullerenes and fullerene-adducts are natural candidate species as potential additional emitters, but no specific specie has been identified to date. Here we report a model based on quantum-chemistry calculations and IR spectra simulation of neutral and charged endo(exo)hedral metallofullerenes, showing that they have a significant contribution to the four strongest IR bands commonly attributed to neutral C60. These simulations may explain the large range of 17.4 μm/18.9 μm band ratios observed in very different fullerene-rich circumstellar environments like those around planetary nebulae and chemically peculiar R Coronae Borealis stars. Our proposed model also reveals that the 17.4 μm/18.9 μm band ratio in the metallofullerenes simulated IR spectra mainly depends on the metal abundances, ionization level, and endo/ exoconcentration in the circumstellar envelopes. We conclude that metallofullerenes are potential emitters contributing to the observed IR spectra in fullerene-rich circumstellar envelopes. Our simulated IR spectra indicate also that the James Webb Space Telescope has the potential to confirm or refute the presence of metallofullerenes (or even other fullerene-based species) in circumstellar environment

Infrared spectral fingerprint of neutral and charged endo- and exohedral metallofullerenes

Small metal-containing molecules have been detected and recognized as one of the hybrid species efficiently formed in space; especially in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. It has been predicted also that more complex hybrid species like those formed by metals and fullerenes (metallofullerenes) could be present in such circumstellar environments. Recently, quantum-chemical simulations of metallofullerenes have shown that they are potential emitters contributing to the observed mid-IR spectra in the fullerene-rich circumstellar environments of different types of evolved stars. Here we present the individual simulated mid-IR (~5-50 um) spectra of twenty-eight metallofullerene species; both neutral and charged endo- and exohedral metallofullerenes for seven different metals (Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, and Fe) have been considered. The changes induced by the metal-C60 interaction on the intensity and position of the spectral features are highlighted using charge density difference maps and electron density partitioning. Our calculations identify the fundamental IR spectral regions where, depending on the metal binding nature, there should be a major spectral contribution from each of the metallofullerenes. The metallofullerenes IR spectra are made publicly available to the astronomical community, especially James Webb Space Telescope users, for comparisons that could eventually lead to the detection of these species in space.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series on 19 September 2023 (in press) (13 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table

A Marketing plan for Inter-Capitol Marketing Corporation

There is no doubt that jeans are becoming more and more popular as decades pass by. Despite the fact that there is already a crowded market for jeans, the jeans fashion industry enjoys a constant 10% average growth rate every year. The company is experiencing a consistent 20% to 30% increase in sales every year. Using this as a basis for computing the potential sales target in units for next year, it is concluded that the company can project a 306,000 target sales in units for 1995, which is 35% more than 1994. To achieve this, the company will have to invest P 13,249,548.00, which will increase net profitability by P3,837,338.00 or 38% growth vs. 1994. In order to sustain the 306,000 target sales in units, the Wrangler 9 Series and the Wrangler 7 Series will have to be merged under one campaign theme to be known as True Comfort by Wrangler, the number of silhouttes for the Wrangler 9 Series will have to be reduced, sizes of men\u27s jeans will be added by two, Black Magic will be phased out, Blue Horizon will be replaced by Twilight Blue, weight of the Wrangler 9 Series will have to be lessened, and the amount of fabric softener will have to be increased. Packaging and pocket tag designs will also have to be modified. In addition to these, two boutiques will have to be added, and most significantly, advertising efforts will have to include television commercials. Promotional efforts will have to include not only the consumer, but also the Sales Assistants and Wrangler dealers. Research offers would also be emphasized, from product testing, pre-advertising test, UAI study, to continuous publication subscriptions. Monitoring sales performance will further be enhanced by keeping constant communication with the salesforce. Management should also see to it that marketing efforts and plans set for 1995 be regularly evaluated in order to assess the company\u27s overall position versus its competitors. With this proposed marketing plan for Inter-Capitol Marketing Corporation, it is expected that the Wrangler brand will not only be able to stand out amidst the increasing number of competitors in the denim jeans industry, but also reach the number two position in unit sales of men\u27s and ladies\u27 jeans by 1997

On the Presence of Metallofullerenes in Fullerene-rich Circumstellar Envelopes

The presence of neutral C _60 fullerenes in circumstellar environments has been firmly established by astronomical observations as well as laboratory experiments and quantum-chemistry calculations. However, the large variations observed in the C _60 17.4 μ m/18.9 μ m band ratios indicate that either additional emitters should contribute to the astronomical infrared (IR) spectra or unknown physical processes exist besides thermal and UV excitation. Fullerene-based molecules such as metallofullerenes and fullerene-adducts are natural candidate species as potential additional emitters, but no specific specie has been identified to date. Here we report a model based on quantum-chemistry calculations and IR spectra simulation of neutral and charged endo(exo)hedral metallofullerenes, showing that they have a significant contribution to the four strongest IR bands commonly attributed to neutral C _60 . These simulations may explain the large range of 17.4 μ m/18.9 μ m band ratios observed in very different fullerene-rich circumstellar environments like those around planetary nebulae and chemically peculiar R Coronae Borealis stars. Our proposed model also reveals that the 17.4 μ m/18.9 μ m band ratio in the metallofullerenes simulated IR spectra mainly depends on the metal abundances, ionization level, and endo/exoconcentration in the circumstellar envelopes. We conclude that metallofullerenes are potential emitters contributing to the observed IR spectra in fullerene-rich circumstellar envelopes. Our simulated IR spectra indicate also that the James Webb Space Telescope has the potential to confirm or refute the presence of metallofullerenes (or even other fullerene-based species) in circumstellar environments

Health-related quality of life of yoga practitioners

A descriptive study was conducted to determine the health-related quality of life of yoga practitioners in yoga clinics around Manila in terms of mental and physical health. A total of 69 overweight and non-overweight yoga practitioners aged 18 to 49, weighing between 94 to 198 lbs. and stands 56 to 69 inches were included in the study. The respondents were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique based on subjective judgement or on some pre-specified criteria. The assessment tool used to measure the health-related quality of life of the participants was the SF-36v2 questionnaire. Data was analyzed through percentage and frequency. Majority of the yoga practitioners have good HRQOL in terms of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) suggesting there were no limitations and disabilities in well-being, and indicated a good health-related quality of life. On the other hand, majority of the respondents categorized themselves as healthy in terms of mental component summary. The participants were mostly optimistic regarding health status, did not experience any emotional difficulty and were more capable of handling emotions well. Participants categorized as below average had problems with work or other activities as a result of emotional problems