НЕПОЛИОМИЕЛИТНЫЕ ЭНТЕРОВИРУС Ы, ОБУСЛОВИВШИЕ ПОДЪЕМ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ЭНТЕРОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ НА РЯДЕ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РОССИИ В 2016 Г.

Aim: Characteristics of the peculiarities and the etiological factor of enterovirus infection on some territories of Russia in 2016. Materials and methods: We investigated 2138 samples from the patients with enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by the virological method and by partial sequencing of the genome region VP1. Phylogenic trees were constructed according to the method of Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Results: Epidemic peaks of enterovirus infection were fixed on some territories of Russia. In Saratov region the morbidity index of enterovirus infection in 2016 was twice as high as the median morbidity index over previous years. The morbidity level of enterovirus meningitis – 3, 21 for 100000 of the population (77% from all the cases of enterovirus infection) was higher than on the other territories. In Kostroma region the morbidity index of enterovirus infection in 2016 was 11 times higher than the index of the previous year. On both territories the rise of morbidity depends on the active circulation of enterovirus ЕСНО30. Enteroviruses ECHO30 from Saratov region belonged to two phylogenic groups of genotype h. To one of them belonged viruses ECHO30 from Kostroma region. In Murmansk and Leningrad regions in 2016 most cases of enterovirus infection were represented by hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The grouped foci of infection were registered in some preschool institutions. The etiological factor of this clinical form was Coxsackieviruses A6 belonging to different genetic variants. Conclusion: Epidemic peaks of enterovirus infection with the prevalence of different clinical forms of the disease were provoked by different etiological factors. On territories where enterovirus meningitis prevailed strains of enterovirus ECHO30 belonging to different variants of genotype h were detected. In patients with clinical picture of HFMD from territories where this form was leading the etiological factor of infection was Coxsackievirus A6 of different genetic variants.Цель: характеристика особенностей заболеваемости и этиологического фактора энтеровирусной инфекции (ЭВИ) на ряде территорий России в 2016 г. Материалы и методы: исследовано 2138 проб фекалий от больных ЭВИ. Выделение и идентификацию энтеровирусов проводили вирусологическим методом и путём частичного секвенирования области генома VP1. Филогенетические деревья были построены методом Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Результаты: Эпидемические подъемы заболеваемости ЭВИ в 2016 г. были отмечены на ряде территорий России. В Саратовской области средний многолетний показатель заболеваемости ЭВИ был превышен в два раза. Показатель заболеваемости энтеровирусным менингитом – 3,21 на 100 000 населения (77% от всех случаев ЭВИ) – был выше, чем на других территориях. В Костромской области показатель заболеваемости ЭВИ в 2016 г. был превышен в 11 раз по сравнению с предыдущим годом. На обеих территориях рост заболеваемости был связан с активным включением в циркуляцию энтеровируса ECHO30. Вирусы ЕСНО30 из Саратовской области принадлежали генотипу h и относились к двум филогенетическим группам, в одну из которых вошли также штаммы, изолированные от больных ЭВИ в Костромской области. В Мурманской и Ленинградской областях в 2016 г. заболевания протекали в основном в видевирусной экзантемы полости рта и конечностей, были зарегистрированы групповые очаги в детских дошкольных учреждениях. Этиологическим фактором оказались вирусы Коксаки A6, которые относились к разным генетическим вариантам. Заключение: эпидемические подъемы заболеваемости энтеровирусной инфекцией с преобладанием различных клинических форм заболевания были обусловлены разными этиологическими факторами. На территориях, где превалировала клиника энтеровирусного менингита, в качестве этиологического агента были детектированы энтеровирусы ЕСНО 30, которые принадлежали к разным вариантам генотипа h. У больных с клиникой вирусной экзантемы полости рта и конечностей на территориях, где эта клиническая форма была ведущей, основным этиологическим фактором были вирусы Коксаки A6 разных генетических вариантов

THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF ENDOVIDEOSURGICAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC HYPERINSULINISM

In connection with the development of endovideosurgical technologies, they are actively used for the treatment of organic hyperinsulinism. The robotized interventions have been applied in the last years. The experience of the laparoscopic and robotized operations performed on 7 patients with established diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism was shown by the authors. The treatment was effective in all cases. The postoperative period was without complications in majority of patients. An acute postoperative pancreatitis with formation of acute liquid accumulation occurred in one case. This case required the performing of percutaneous puncture interventions using ultrasonics control. Thus, the application of endovideosurgical technologies was accompanied by low percent (14%) of postoperative complications

THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF ENDOVIDEOSURGICAL TREATMENT OF ORGANIC HYPERINSULINISM

In connection with the development of endovideosurgical technologies, they are actively used for the treatment of organic hyperinsulinism. The robotized interventions have been applied in the last years. The experience of the laparoscopic and robotized operations performed on 7 patients with established diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism was shown by the authors. The treatment was effective in all cases. The postoperative period was without complications in majority of patients. An acute postoperative pancreatitis with formation of acute liquid accumulation occurred in one case. This case required the performing of percutaneous puncture interventions using ultrasonics control. Thus, the application of endovideosurgical technologies was accompanied by low percent (14%) of postoperative complications

Expression levels of the apoptosis genes FAS, TNFR2, TRAIL, DR3 and DR4/5 in patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphatic leukemia before and after treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR)

Background: We have previously shown that the FAS, TNFR2, TRAIL, DR3, DR4/5 gene expression in patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) correlates with clinical manifestations of the disease: they are minimal in patients with high activity of the proapoptotic genes and low activity of the apoptosis-inhibiting genes, and advanced in patients with high expression of the anti-apoptotic and low expression of the pro-apoptotic genes.Aim: To compare the levels of expression of the external apoptosis pathway genes in patients with newly diagnosed CLL before and after chemotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR), taking into account baseline clinical data and the response to treatment.Materials and methods: This prospective one-center cohort study included 23 patients with newly diagnosed CLL, who underwent clinical and diagnostic assessments and treatment from November 2014 to December 2017. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes for CLL diagnosis was done by fourcolor flow cytometry. Expression of the external apoptosis pathway genes was assessed by realtime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. All patients were treated with a standard FCR regimen with subsequent maintenance treatment with rituximab.Results: There were more men (n = 16) than women among our 23 CLL patients. Median age was 64 years (range, from 47 to 77 years). Sixteen (16) patients had CLL Rai Grade I and II, and 7 patients had CLL Grades III and IV. For convenience of analysis, all patients were divided into two groups depending on the FAS gene expression. At baseline, the patients with high FAS expression had higher TNFR2 (p < 0.0015) and TRAIL (p < 0.0053) expression levels. Before FCR therapy, the patients with low FAS expression had higher lymphocyte counts (р = 0.0016) and lower erythrocyte counts (р = 0.0159). At baseline, there were more Grade I and II patients in the group with higher FAS expression (р = 0.0205). At day 3 after the end of a four day FCR cycle, there was an increase only of the FAS (p = 0.0025) and TRAIL (p = 0.0045) expression. After the completion of the first FCR cycle, lymphocyte counts in the patients with low FAS expression decreased earlier than those in the patients with high FAS expression (p = 0.0019). After six FCR cycles, complete or partial remission was obtained in 82% (19/23) of the patients. The patients with high FAS expression had higher complete remission rate (р = 0.026). No adverse events related to FCR were registered.Conclusion: The external apoptosis pathway genes are one of the key factors of the tumor progression in CLL. Our data on the effect of FCR therapy on the FAS and TRAIL gene expression make it possible to consider them as a target for this combination regimen and may become the rationale to develop new pharmaceutical molecules

NONPOLIO ENTEROVIRUSES WHICH CAUSED THE RISE OF ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION ON SOME TERRITORIES OF RUSSIA IN 2016

Aim: Characteristics of the peculiarities and the etiological factor of enterovirus infection on some territories of Russia in 2016. Materials and methods: We investigated 2138 samples from the patients with enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by the virological method and by partial sequencing of the genome region VP1. Phylogenic trees were constructed according to the method of Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Results: Epidemic peaks of enterovirus infection were fixed on some territories of Russia. In Saratov region the morbidity index of enterovirus infection in 2016 was twice as high as the median morbidity index over previous years. The morbidity level of enterovirus meningitis – 3, 21 for 100000 of the population (77% from all the cases of enterovirus infection) was higher than on the other territories. In Kostroma region the morbidity index of enterovirus infection in 2016 was 11 times higher than the index of the previous year. On both territories the rise of morbidity depends on the active circulation of enterovirus ЕСНО30. Enteroviruses ECHO30 from Saratov region belonged to two phylogenic groups of genotype h. To one of them belonged viruses ECHO30 from Kostroma region. In Murmansk and Leningrad regions in 2016 most cases of enterovirus infection were represented by hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The grouped foci of infection were registered in some preschool institutions. The etiological factor of this clinical form was Coxsackieviruses A6 belonging to different genetic variants. Conclusion: Epidemic peaks of enterovirus infection with the prevalence of different clinical forms of the disease were provoked by different etiological factors. On territories where enterovirus meningitis prevailed strains of enterovirus ECHO30 belonging to different variants of genotype h were detected. In patients with clinical picture of HFMD from territories where this form was leading the etiological factor of infection was Coxsackievirus A6 of different genetic variants