As time goes by

Across all age groups, entertainment is one of the most important motivations for media use. Relatively little is known, though, about the development of entertainment experience over the life span. Does entertainment actually mean the same thing to young and older people? Based on theories of adult emotional development, affect regulation, and well-being, this study predicted and found that in terms of entertainment gratifications sought, young adults were more interested than older adults in emotionally intense entertainment experiences such as thrilling and tear-jerking experiences, whereas older adults were more interested in contemplative entertainment experiences. However, in terms of gratifications obtained, ratings of film scenes showed that the same types of gratifications obtained predicted more positive evaluations independent of age

The role of cognitive and affective challenge in entertainment experience

Recent approaches in entertainment research highlight the distinction between hedonic (pleasure-seeking) and eudaimonic (truth-seeking) entertainment experiences. However, insights into the underlying processes that give rise to these different types of entertainment experiences are still scarce. This study examines the assumption that individuals’ entertainment experience varies by the level of cognitive and affective challenge posed by the media content. We tested this assumption in a 2 × 2 experiment in which we examined the effects of cognitive and affective challenge on individuals’ entertainment experience (fun, suspense, and appreciation). Cognitive and affective challenges resulted in stronger appreciation of the movie, affective challenges resulted in heightened suspense, whereas the absence of both cognitive and affective challenges fostered the experience of fun. These results further the theoretical understanding of hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment in that they support the idea that fun is linked to recreation, whereas appreciation is linked to cognitive challenge and personal growth

Appreciation as audience response

This article elaborates upon the notion of media enjoyment in the context of film viewing by proposing a complementary type of gratification that we conceptualize as appreciation. Three studies were conducted to tap into the multidimensionality of viewers' entertainment gratifications with a special focus on the domain of more serious, poignant, and pensive media experiences typically associated with genres such as drama, history, documentary, or art films. These studies provide evidence of and measurement for gratifications related to fun and suspense, but also gratifications related to moving and thought-provoking entertainment experiences, with all three gratifications leading to perceptions of entertainment having a more long-lasting or enduring effect. The results are discussed with regard to the theoretical conceptualization of entertainment gratification

Appraisal of emotions in media use

Over the past 20 years, research on meta-emotion and related concepts such as meta-mood and need for affect has become fruitful and prominent across a variety of disciplines, including media psychology. This paper reviews the literature on meta-emotion and considers problems regarding the definition and operationalization of this construct. We propose a process model of meta-emotion and emotion regulation to integrate and extend existing work. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we understand meta-emotion as a process that monitors and appraises emotions and recruits affective responses toward them, which results in a motivation to maintain and approach emotions, or to control and avoid them. This meta-emotion process plays an important role in media users' selection or rejection of specific media offerings and their invitation to experience emotion. We discuss how this framework may integrate previously unrelated findings on the role of emotions in guiding selective media use and conclude with directions for further research

Interfacial toughness evolution under thermal cycling by laser shock and mechanical testing of an EB-PVD coating system

One of the major challenges for coatings on superalloys is to keep adherence during aging, where damage is mostly driven by thermal cycling. On the other hand, the methodology of the evaluation of the interfacial toughness should be consistent with in service loading. Recently, the use of LAser Shock Adhesion Test (LASAT) has shown its capability for both ranking different coating solutions and evaluating the evolution of a given coating as a function of aging [1-2]. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of LASAT to reproduce damage mechanisms observed under quasi-static in plane mechanical testing and to propose a general methodology to assess interfacial toughness evolution based on LASAT measurements. The material chosen in this study is a partially Y2O3 stabilized EB-PVD zirconia layer coating deposited by Electron Beam – Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) onto a first generation Ni base superalloy. Aging has been performed using thermal cycling under laboratory air. Degradation of the coating system due to ageing is quantitatively assessed by LASAT and accompanied by different microstructural analysis methods. For LASAT, if laser flux is below a threshold, no delamination occurs. When increasing laser flux above this threshold, a systematic sequence is observed: i) delamination without buckling of the ceramic layer, ii) delamination and buckling, iii) partial cracking of the ceramic layer, and iv) spallation [1-2]. These different states are also achieved in compressive quasi-static testing and assessed by means of local strain measurement using digital image correlation technique [3]. Aging is evaluated through the evolution of both the delamination and the buckling behavior induced by the LASAT method or critical strain at ceramic spallation under compressive static load. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

stop Smoking Help: A Need

peer reviewedToday the smoker carries a risk of mortality 70% higher compared to the nonsmoker. In Belgium active smoking is indisputably the most important cause of avoidable death. In 2004 it appears that 27% of the belgian population was smoking. This review describes the comorbidity associated with active tobacco consumption and defines the concepts of dependence and smoking cessation. It also identifies the three factors which determine the success of smoking cessation, i.e. the degree of nicotinic dependence, the presence of anxio-depressive disorders and the importance of the motivation to the stop

Instagram for #recovery - eine qualitative Befragung von Bloggerinnen mit Essstörungen

Immer mehr Menschen mit Essstörungen teilen ihren Genesungsweg in Recovery Accounts auf Instagram. Welche Motive hinter der Veröffentlichung stehen, in welcher Rolle sich die Blogger:innen sehen und inwieweit das Führen eines Recovery Accounts aus ihrer Sicht mit dem Genesungsprozess zusammenhängt, stellt eine Forschungslücke dar. Um diese zu füllen, wurden Leitfadeninterviews mit zehn Recovery Bloggerinnen geführt. Die Daten wurden durch eine inhaltlich-strukturierende Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Bloggerinnen den Account vor allem aufgrund von selbstbezogenen Motiven führen, z. B. zum Identitäts- oder Krankheitsmanagement. Mit der Zeit gewinnen auch fremdbezogene Motive an Relevanz, z. B. um die Aufklärung Anderer über Essstörungen zu unterstützen. Das Rollenbild der Bloggerinnen wird vor allem durch ihre persönlichen Erwartungen an Ästhetik, Inhalt, Erfolg und Qualität des Accounts geprägt, wodurch Überschneidungen zum Rollenbild von Influencer:innen erkennbar werden. Den Account zu führen, hat aus Sicht der Bloggerinnen überwiegend positiven Einfluss auf ihre Krankheitsbewältigung und ihre psychische Gesundheit. Triggernde oder kritische Rückmeldungen können den Genesungsprozess hingegen auf negative Weise beeinflussen. Die Studie verdeutlicht, wie Essstörungen in Sozialen Medien verhandelt werden und dass solche Plattformen für den Umgang mit der Erkrankung von hoher Relevanz sind.More and more people with eating disorders are sharing their recovery journey in recovery accounts on Instagram. The motives for posting, the role bloggers see themselves in, and the extent to which maintaining a recovery account is related to the recovery process represent a research gap. To address this, guided interviews were conducted with ten female recovery bloggers. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that bloggers primarily maintain the account for self-related motives, such as identity or disease management. Over time, other-related motives, such as education about eating disorders, also gain relevance. Bloggers' perceptions of their role are primarily shaped by their personal expectations regarding aesthetics, content, success and quality of the account. Here, similarities to influencers become apparent. From the bloggers' point of view, maintaining the account has a predominantly positive influence on their coping and mental health. Triggering or critical feedback can have a negative impact on the recovery process. The study illustrates how eating disorders are negotiated in social media and that such platforms are highly relevant for managing the disorder

Crack morphology in a columnar thermal barrier coating system

For high temperature application, EB-PVD ceramic layers are commonly used as thermal barrier coating. During thermal transients, the thermal expansion mismatch between coating and substrate drives failure of the TBC mainly by interfacial cracking. Laser Shock Adhesion Test (LASAT) provides stresses at the ceramic/metal interface enabling controlled interfacial cracking [1-2]. For achieving a clear understanding of the influence of local morphology on interfacial toughness, this study aims at characterizing the 3D morphology of a crack at the interface between metal and an EB-PVD TBC having a columnar structure. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

The role of dietary supplements, including biotics, glutamine, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, in reducing gastrointestinal side effects in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Funding Information: This work was supported by Cancer Research UK Programme grant [C5255/A23755]. Chee Kin Then’s DPhil is funded by the Clarendon Fund, Balliol College and CRUK. The funding body had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The digital transformation of knowledge order: a model for theanalysis of the epistemic crisis

In a proclaimed age of ‘post-truth,’ scholars have raised concerns about the spread of false information and the questioning of epistemic authorities. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to capture the digital transformation of knowledge order. Drawing on insights from social epistemology, sociology and history of knowledge, and media history, we identify epistemic practices as basic elements of knowledge order. We then analyze how epistemic practices are organized into an overarching structure of knowledge phases, contexts, roles, and hierarchies. Digital media tend to destabilize the traditional knowledge order. This destabilization is characterized by a more flexible order of phases, a dissolution of boundaries between contexts, an opening of professional roles to new actors, and a flattening of hierarchies