Reference values for urinary oxalate, calcium, citrate, uric acid, phosphate, magnesium, sulphate and sodium in biochemistry students at Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina

Introduction: Urolithiasis (UL) is a common disease whose incidence increased in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Metabolic evaluation is necessary for diagnosis, which requires the establishment of reference values (RV) for the population in question. Objective: To determine the RV for calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, phosphate, magnesium, sulphate and sodium in 24-hour urine belonging to students from the School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences at Universidad Nacional del Litoral, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Once RV were established, a frequency of alterations was determined and then compared with literature data. Methods: The NCCLSC28-A3 guideline (2008) was used. The study group included 69 students. The enzymatic colorimetric method, a Metrolab 1600 plus spectrophotometer and a DIESTRO ionselective electrode were also employed. Results: The RV found (95 % CI) were the following: oxalate, 1.96-45.08; calcium, 20.65-250.74; citrate, 112.78-666.01; uric acid, 58.73-782.17; phosphate, 238.37-1051.44; magnesium, 28.7-146.67, all these values expressed as mg/24h; sulphate, 3.15-25.18 mmol/24h, and sodium, 42.81-285.3 mEq/24h. These findings emerged as well: hyperoxaluria, 3 %; hypercalciuria 12 %; hypocitraturia, 3 %; hyperuricosuria, 6 %; hyperphosphaturia, 6 %; hypomagnesuria, 6 %; hypernatriuria, 7 %, and hypersulphaturia, 0 %. When RV were compared, some analyte levels were similar and others showed a considerable difference. Conclusions: The diagnosis of UL through the study of metabolic changes is different according to the reference value used. Applying reference values established for other populations, including those of commercial kits manufacturers, may lead to a diagnosis which does not match the clinical condition of the patient

Influence of food intake on urinary supersaturation of students without urolithiasis

Contexto. La modificación de los hábitos alimentarios puede reducir la incidencia y la recurrencia de la urolitiasis (UL). Objetivo. Evaluar la influencia de la ingesta de carnes, frutas, hortalizas, huevos y lácteos en el riesgo de sobresaturación urinaria (RSU) en estudiantes sin antecedentes de UL. Metodología. Estudio correlacional de corte transversal con una muestra compuesta por estudiantes voluntarios sin antecedentes de UL en el periodo 2018-2019. Para este estudio se registraron datos personales, clínicos, ingesta diaria y semanal de los alimentos en estudio y se analizó la orina de 24h recogida el día que se completó el registro diario, además, el RSU se determinó con el programa EQUIL AT. Resultados. Participaron 61 estudiantes, 90?% mujeres, con un índice masa corporal y edad promedios de 22,8 Kg/m2 y 25 años. Presentaron RSU 33 mujeres y 4 hombres, por lo que se calculó un 92?% de RSU para ácido úrico. La ingesta diaria de carnes, huevos y quesos fue superior a lo requerido para una alimentación saludable y la de hortalizas, frutas, leche y yogur inferior. No hubo diferencias entre las ingestas del registro diario y semanal, donde los individuos con RSU tuvieron una mayor ingesta de carnes y una menor de frutas, hortalizas y huevos que aquellos sin RSU, siendo significativa la diferencia (p < 0,05). Conclusiones. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en la ingesta de carnes, frutas, hortalizas y huevos en los individuos con RSU respecto a aquellos sin RSU. La ingesta diaria fue la habitual, por lo que la sobresaturación sería continua en los individuos con riesgo. Se podría actuar preventivamente en la modificación de los hábitos alimentarios antes de que se forme el primer cálculo.Background. Eating habits modification may reduce urolithiasis (UL) incidence and recurrence. Purpose. To evaluate the influence of the intake of meat, fruit, vegetables,eggs and dairy products on the risk of urinary supersaturation (RSU) in students without a history of UL Methodology. Cross-sectional correlational study. Sample: volunteer students with no UL history. Period 2018-2019.Records: personal and clinical data; daily (DFR) and weekly (WFR) food records. 24-h urine collected on the day the DFR was completed was analyzed. The USR was determined by Equil-AT software. Results. 61 students involved, 90% women. Average Age and Body Mass Index (BMI): 25 years old, 22.8 Kg/ m2. 33 women and 4 men showed USR, 92% of which was to uric acid. Meat, eggs and cheese intake was higher than what is recommended for a healthy diet, whereas vegetables, fruits, milk and yoghurt intake was lower. There were no differences between DFR and WFR for the assessed foods. Individuals with USR had a higher intake of meat and less fruit and vegetables than those without USR. There was a meaningful difference between the intakes of meat, fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05). Conclusions. A significant difference was found in the intake of meat, fruit, vegetables, and eggs in individuals with RSU compared to those without RSU. The daily intake would be normal, so supersaturation would be co To evaluate the influence of the intake of meat, fruit, vegetables, eggs and dairy products on the risk of urinary supersaturation (RSU) in students without a history of UL in individuals at risk. Preventive action could be taken to modify eating habits before the first stone forms