Coherent correlation imaging for resolving fluctuating states of matter

Fluctuations and stochastic transitions are ubiquitous in nanometre scale systems, especially in the presence of disorder. However, their direct observation has so far been impeded by a seemingly fundamental, signal limited compromise between spatial and temporal resolution. Here we develop coherent correlation imaging CCI to overcome this dilemma. Our method begins by classifying recorded camera frames in Fourier space. Contrast and spatial resolution emerge by averaging selectively over same state frames. Temporal resolution down to the acquisition time of a single frame arises independently from an exceptionally low misclassification rate, which we achieve by combining a correlation based similarity metric with a modified, iterative hierarchical clustering algorithm. We apply CCI to study previously inaccessible magnetic fluctuations in a highly degenerate magnetic stripe domain state with nanometre scale resolution. We uncover an intricate network of transitions between more than 30 discrete states. Our spatiotemporal data enable us to reconstruct the pinning energy landscape and to thereby explain the dynamics observed on a microscopic level. CCI massively expands the potential of emerging high coherence X ray sources and paves the way for addressing large fundamental questions such as the contribution of pinning and topology in phase transitions and the role of spin and charge order fluctuations in high temperature superconductivit

Molecular similarity searching based on deep belief networks with different molecular descriptors

Molecular 2D similarity searching is one of the most widely used techniques for ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS). This study has used the concepts of deep learning by adapted deep belief networks (DBN) and data fusion concept with DBN to enhance the molecular similarity searching of chemical compounds in LBVS. The MDDR Datasets represented by different descriptors to convert the molecule shape to numerical values and each descriptor has different important features rather than the others. The DBN with data fusion is adapted to obtain a lower detection error probability and a higher reliability by using data from multiple distributed descriptors and analyzing the performance of combination and individual descriptors target by target and showed that the combination descriptor did better than both original descriptors. The overall results of this research showed that the use of DBN with data fusion in similarity-based is found to significantly outperform the conventional, industry-standard Tanimoto-based similarity search systems and some others benchmarks witch have been adapted by others researchers, with 1 % and 5% performance improvement in the average recall rates

Complex Compound Inheritance of Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders Due to Disruption of the TBX-FGF Pathway

Primary defects in lung branching morphogenesis, resulting in neonatal lethal pulmonary hypoplasias, are incompletely understood. To elucidate the pathogenetics of human lung development, we studied a unique collection of samples obtained from deceased individuals with clinically and histopathologically diagnosed interstitial neonatal lung disorders: acinar dysplasia (n = 14), congenital alveolar dysplasia (n = 2), and other lethal lung hypoplasias (n = 10). We identified rare heterozygous copy-number variant deletions or single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) involving TBX4 (n = 8 and n = 2, respectively) or FGF10 (n = 2 and n = 2, respectively) in 16/26 (61%) individuals. In addition to TBX4, the overlapping similar to 2 Mb recurrent and nonrecurrent deletions at 17q23.1q23.2 identified in seven individuals with lung hypoplasia also remove a lung-specific enhancer region. Individuals with coding variants involving either TBX4 or FGF10 also harbored at least one non-coding SNV in the predicted lung-specific enhancer region, which was absent in 13 control individuals with the overlapping deletions but without any structural lung anomalies. The occurrence of rare coding variants involving TBX4 or FGF10 with the putative hypomorphic non-coding SNVs implies a complex compound inheritance of these pulmonary hypoplasias. Moreover, they support the importance of TBX4-FGF10-FGFR2 epithelial-mesenchymal signaling in human lung organogenesis and help to explain the histopathological continuum observed in these rare lethal developmental disorders of the lung.Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen