The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Remote assessment via video evaluation (RAVVE): a pilot study to trial video-enabled peer feedback on clinical performance

Background: Video review processes for evaluation and coaching are often incorporated into medical education as a means to accurately capture physician-patient interactions. Compared to direct observation they offer the advantage of overcoming many logistical challenges. However, the suitability and viability of using video-based peer consultations for professional development requires further investigation. This study aims to explore the acceptability and feasibility of video-based peer feedback to support professional development and quality improvement in patient care. Methods: Five rheumatologists each provided four videos of patient consultations. Peers evaluated the videos using five-point scales, providing annotations in the video recordings, and offering recommendations. The rheumatologists reviewed the videos of their own four patient interactions along with the feedback. They were asked to document if they would make practice changes based on the feedback. Focus groups were conducted and analysed to explore the effectiveness of video-based peer feedback in assisting physicians to improve clinical practice. Results: Participants felt the video-based feedback provided accurate and detailed information in a more convenient, less intrusive manner than direct observation. Observations made through video review enabled participants to evaluate more detailed information than a chart review alone. Participants believed that reviewing recorded consultations allowed them to reflect on their practice and gain insight into alternative communication methods. Conclusions: Video-based peer feedback and self-review of clinical performance is an acceptable and pragmatic approach to support professional development and improve clinical care among peer clinicians. Further investigation into the effectiveness of this approach is needed.Medicine, Faculty ofOther UBCEmergency Medicine, Department ofGeriatric Medicine, Division ofMedicine, Department ofRheumatology, Division ofReviewedFacult

The need for a research culture in the forensic sciences.

The methods, techniques, and reliability of the forensic sciences in general, and the pattern identification disciplines in particular, have faced significant scrutiny in recent years. Critics have attacked the scientific basis for the assumptions and claims made by forensic scientists both in and out of the courtroom. Defenders have emphasized courts\u27 longstanding acceptance of forensic science evidence, the relative dearth of known errors, and practitioners\u27 skill and experience. This Article reflects an effort made by a diverse group of participants in these debates, including law professors, academics from several disciplines, and practicing forensic scientists, to find and explore common ground. To what extent do the forensic sciences need to change in order to place themselves on an appropriately secure foundation in the twenty-first century? We all firmly agree that the traditional forensic sciences in general, and the pattern identification disciplines, such as fingerprint, firearm, toolmark, and *726 handwriting identification evidence in particular, do not currently possess--and absolutely must develop--a well-established scientific foundation. This can only be accomplished through the development of a research culture that permeates the entire field of forensic science. A research culture, we argue, must be grounded in the values of empiricism, transparency, and a commitment to an ongoing critical perspective. The forensic science disciplines need to substantially increase their commitment to evidence from empirical research as the basis for their conclusions. Sound research, rather than experience, training, and longstanding use, must become the central method by which assertions are justified. In this Article, we describe the underdeveloped research culture in the non-DNA forensic sciences, offer suggestions for how it might be improved, and explain why it matters

FAM210B is an erythropoietin target and regulates erythroid heme synthesis by controlling mitochondrial iron import and ferrochelatase activity.

Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is critical to many processes essential to terminal erythropoiesis. Despite the centrality of iron metabolism to erythropoiesis, the mechanisms by which EPO regulates iron status are not well-understood. To this end, here we profiled gene expression in EPO-treated 32D pro-B cells and developing fetal liver erythroid cells to identify additional iron regulatory genes. We determined that FAM210B, a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein, is essential for hemoglobinization, proliferation, and enucleation during terminal erythroid maturation. Fam210b deficiency led to defects in mitochondrial iron uptake, heme synthesis, and iron-sulfur cluster formation. These defects were corrected with a lipid-soluble, small-molecule iron transporter, hinokitiol, in Fam210b-deficient murine erythroid cells and zebrafish morphants. Genetic complementation experiments revealed that FAM210B is not a mitochondrial iron transporter but is required for adequate mitochondrial iron import to sustain heme synthesis and iron-sulfur cluster formation during erythroid differentiation. FAM210B was also required for maximal ferrochelatase activity in differentiating erythroid cells. We propose that FAM210B functions as an adaptor protein that facilitates the formation of an oligomeric mitochondrial iron transport complex, required for the increase in iron acquisition for heme synthesis during terminal erythropoiesis. Collectively, our results reveal a critical mechanism by which EPO signaling regulates terminal erythropoiesis and iron metabolism