Voluntary Turnover and Job Performance: Curvilinearity and the Moderating Influences of Salary Growth, Promotions, and Labor Demand

In this study we investigated the relation between job performance and voluntary employee turnover for 5,143 exempt employees in a single firm in the petroleum industry. As hypothesized, we found support for Jackofsky\u27s (1984) curvilinear hypothesis as turnover was higher for low and high performers than it was for average performers. Three potential moderators of this curvilinearity were examined in an attempt to explain conflicting results in the performance turnover literature and contradictory predictions from turnover models. As predicted, pay growth, promotions, and labor demand each differentially influenced the turnover patterns of low, average, and high performers. Most notably, paying high performers according to their performance predicted substantial decrements in turnover. A utility analysis indicated that the benefits of paying high performers according to their performance more than offset the costs and that such an approach was a superior strategy when compared to a more egalitarian pay growth policy

New Directions in Compensation Research: Synergies, Risk, and Survival

We describe and use two theoretical frameworks, the resource-based view of the firm and institutional theory, as lenses for examining three promising areas of compensation research. First, we examine the nature of the relationship between pay and effectiveness. Does pay typically have a main effect or, instead, does the relationship depend on other human resource activities and organization characteristics? If the latter is true, then there are synergies between pay and these other factors and thus, conclusions drawn from main effects models may be misleading. Second, we discuss a relatively neglected issue in pay research, the concept of risk as it applies to investments in pay programs. Although firms and researchers tend to focus on expected returns from compensation interventions, analysis of the risk, or variability, associated with these returns may be essential for effective decision-making. Finally ,pay program survival, which has been virtually ignored in systematic pay research, is investigated. Survival appears to have important consequences for estimating pay plan risk and returns, and is also integral to the discussion of pay synergies. Based upon our two theoretical frameworks, we suggest specific research directions for pay program synergies, risk, and survival

Voluntary Turnover and Job Performance: Curvilinearity and the Moderating Influences of Salary Growth and Promotions

[Excerpt] The relationship between job performance and voluntary employee turnover was investigated for 5,143 exempt employees in a single firm. As hypothesized, support was found for E. F Jackofsky\u27s (1984) curvilinear hypothesis, as turnover was higher for low and high performers than it was for average performers. Two potential moderators of the curvilinearity were examined in an attempt to explain conflicting results in the performance-turnover literature. As predicted, low salary growth and high promotions each produced a more pronounced curvilinear performance-turnover relationship. Most notably, salary growth effects on turnover were greatest for high performers, with high salary growth predicting rather low turnover for these employees, whereas low salary growth predicted extremely high turnover. Additionally, once salary growth was controlled, promotions positively predicted turnover; with poor performer turnover most strongly affected

Is It Worth It To Win The Talent War? Evaluating the Utility of Performance-Based Pay

While the business press suggests that “winning the talent war,” the attraction and retention of key talent, is increasingly pivotal to organization success, executives often report that their organizations do not fare well on this dimension. We demonstrate how, through integrating turnover and compensation research, the Boudreau and Berger (1985) staffing utility framework can be used by industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists and other human resource (HR) professionals to address this issue. Employing a step-by-step process that combines organization-specific information about pay and performance with research on the pay-turnover linkage, we estimate the effects of incentive pay on employee separation patterns at various performance levels. We then use the utility framework to evaluate the financial consequences of incentive pay as an employee retention vehicle. The demonstration illustrates the limitations of standard accounting and behavioral cost-based approaches and the importance of considering both the costs and benefits associated with pay-for-performance plans. Our results suggest that traditional accounting or behavioral cost-based approaches, used alone, would have supported rejecting a potentially lucrative pay-for-performance investment. Additionally, our approach should enable HR professionals to use research findings and their own data to estimate the retention patterns and subsequent financial consequences of their existing, and potential, company-specific performance-based pay policies

From the ventral to the dorsal striatum: Devolving views of their roles in drug addiction

AbstractWe revisit our hypothesis that drug addiction can be viewed as the endpoint of a series of transitions from initial voluntarily drug use to habitual, and ultimately compulsive drug use. We especially focus on the transitions in striatal control over drug seeking behaviour that underlie these transitions since functional heterogeneity of the striatum was a key area of Ann Kelley's research interests and one in which she made enormous contributions. We also discuss the hypothesis in light of recent data that the emergence of a compulsive drug seeking habit both reflects a shift to dorsal striatal control over behaviour and impaired prefontal cortical inhibitory control mechanisms. We further discuss aspects of the vulnerability to compulsive drug use and in particular the impact of impulsivity. In writing this review we acknowledge the untimely death of an outstanding scientist and a dear personal friend

Two new species of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) from south eastern Queensland

Two locally restricted species of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) are each known from a single locality in south eastern Queensland, Australia. Descriptions of the new species Prostanthera oleoides and P. spathulata are provided. The diagnostic features of both are illustrated, and notes on etymology, habitat preferences and conservation status are included

Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) from far-north Queensland, Australia

The endemic genus Prostanthera occurs throughout much of Australia, with the most northerly species occurring in the Cook district of northern Queensland. Prostanthera athertoniana, P. mulliganensis and P. tozerana are described as new species from the Cook botanical district of northern Queensland, Australia. Each of these species has a restricted distribution, the first species is known from Kahlpahlim Rock (Atherton Tableland), the second from Mount Mulligan (north of Dimbulah), and the third is only known from Mount Tozer (Iron Range National Park). Prostanthera albohirta and P. clotteniana also occur in this region. Since all species are inadequately known, an identification key to these species and descriptions are provided, as well as illustrations of the three new species

Prostanthera tallowa: a new species from New South Wales, Australia

Prostanthera tallowa B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Lamiaceae) is possibly a vulnerable species that is here described from the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia

Prostanthera elisabethae (Lamiaceae, tribe Westringieae), a new species from northern New South Wales, Australia

The new species Prostanthera elisabethae B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Lamiaceae) is described for the first time. The distribution and abundance of this species is inadequately known, having only been collected from near Ashby, on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Although very similar to P. linearis, this taxon is different by having longer pedicels. Measurements and figures accompany the description provided here to substantiate this as a new species

Two new species of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) in New South Wales

Prostanthera gilesii and P. makinsonii (Lamiaceae) are described as new for New South Wales, Australia. These descriptions are accompanied by illustrations and general notes, including distribution and conservation status. A new identification key is provided for the species of Prostanthera in New South Wales