Superconformal change of variables for N=1 Neveu-Schwarz vertex operator superalgebras

Superconformal change of variables formulas for N=1 Neveu-Schwarz vertex operator superalgebras are presented for general invertible superconformal changes of variables. Using the underlying worldsheet supergeometry of propagating superstrings, geometric proofs of the change of variables formulas are given for the case of convergent superconformal changes of variables. More general formal algebraic proofs of the change of variables formulas in the case of formal superconformal changes of variables are then given. Finally, isomorphic families of N=1 NS-VOSAs are derived from the superconformal change of variables formulas.Comment: 43 page

Constitutionalism in the Shadow of Doctrine: The President’s Non-Enforcement Power

Barron challenges the court-centered approach to the scope of the President\u27s non-enforcement power. He contends that a President, notwithstanding that he considers himself bound by the Supreme Court\u27s constitutional interpretations, should resolve three distinct questions in determining whether he may faithfully decline to enforce a statute by virtue of its unconstitutionality

S. E. Gontarski's Beckett Matters: Essays on Beckett's Late Modernism

No abstract available

Optimizing Dothistroma septosporum infection of Pinus radiata and the development of red-band disease : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Genetics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

The filamentous fungus Dothistroma septosporum infects pine species throughout the world causing red-band disease, one of the most serious diseases of conifer species. In NZ, a clonally derived asexual strain of D. septosporum was identified in 1964, and has spread throughout the country. There are conflicting accounts on the environmental conditions required for infection, which has lead to difficulties in optimizing a laboratory-based system for infection. The pathogen is spread naturally through rain-splashed inoculum of conidiospores from mature stromata that have erupted through the pine needle tissue. Diseased needles become necrotic, often with a red band due to the mycotoxin dothistromin produced by the hyphae. Dothistromin has the chemical structure of a difuranoanthraquinone and shows similarity to the aflatoxin precursor, versicolorin B produced by Aspergillus parasiticus. The role of dothistromin in pathogenicity has not yet been determined, although experiments have shown injecting toxin into pine needles results in the characteristic red band lesion. In this study it was found that fluctuating temperature (16°C/24°C), a 12 h diurnal cycle (white and ultraviolet light), high relative humidity and continuous moisture are conditions conducive to development of red-band disease on inoculated pine trees in an artificial environment. A higher rate of infection was obtained using pine seedlings as opposed to pine cuttings, and using a spore suspension containing a yeast extract. A dothistromin minus mutant was able to infect pine needles, indicating that dothistromin is not a pathogenicity factor, though it may be a virulence factor. The use of GFP-expressing isolates allowed the initial infection process to be monitored with both wild type and mutant isolates. Additionally, a PCR-based diagnostic procedure to confirm infection was developed. The production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus species is regulated by nutritional parameters and extracellular pH, which affect both growth and aflatoxin gene expression. D. septosporum similarly has enhanced growth at acidic pH, but it does not appear that pH has a strong influence on physiological processes as toxin biosynthesis and gene expression do not appear to be pH regulated. Different carbon and nitrogen sources also affect the morphology of D. septosporum