Propuesta de reforzamiento basado en desempeño del edificio de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 2019

La presente tesis titulada “Propuesta de reforzamiento basado en desempeño del edificio de la escuela de psicología de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, 2019” tiene como objetivo evaluar si existen diferencias significativas entre el desempeño sísmico de la estructura de concreto armado existente y la propuesta de reforzamiento de la Escuela de Psicología de la UNSA (Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa). Se consideró para el modelo la escuela de Psicología de la UNSA, para la dirección más larga eje X-X, son pórticos de concreto armado y en el lado más corto eje YY, predomino los muros de albañilería, cabe resaltar que el diseño estructural que tuvo este pabellón de la UNSA fue por los años 90`, así que tuvo consideraciones de parámetros sísmicos antiguos. Continuando se procedió a realizar el análisis convencional de la estructura con la norma actual de sismorresistencia la E.030-2018, donde se obtuvo resultados, en el sentido de pórticos de concreto armado, no cumplió las derivas máximas que nos pide la norma, pero en el sentido de muros de albañilería cumplió las derivas máximas, pasando al análisis estático no lineal, se pudo ver que realmente en el sentido de muros de albañilería esta aun dentro del punto de desempeño operacional, pero para el sentido de pórticos de concreto armado ya se encontraba el punto de desempeño en colapso, todo esto fue para un sismo de 2500 años. Finalmente el reforzamiento para la edificación, se realizó en el sentido de los pórticos de concreto armado, ampliándose 25cm por lado a las columnas que eran de 30cm convirtiéndose en columnas tipo “T”, con una longitud en la dirección de análisis de pórticos de 80cm, haciendo el análisis convencional con la norma E.030, cumplió con las derivas máximas en ambos sentidos, aplicando el análisis estático no lineal en el sentido de pórticos de concreto armado, se encontró el punto de desempeño en seguridad de vida y en la dirección de muros de albañilería, permaneció en punto de desempeño en nivel operacional.Tesi

\u3ci\u3eSerendip deborahae\u3c/i\u3e n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Serendipidae n. fam.) in \u3ci\u3eRhinoptera steindachneri\u3c/i\u3e Evermann and Jenkins, 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from Southeastern Ecuador

Cestodes collected in spiral valves of Rhinoptera steindachneri from the southern coast of Ecuador represent an undescribed species of Tetraphyllidea. The new species has bothridia possessing septa but lacking apical suckers. It is diagnosably distinct from all other tetraphyllidean genera by possessing a scolex comprising 4 triangular bothridia that are fused together forming a platelike structure, each of which is subdivided by 2 simple and 1 bifurcating septa radiating from its base and ringed by marginal loculi; therefore, a new genus is proposed for it. By exhibiting some degree of bothridial fusion, testes arranged in 2 layers in the proglottis and postovarian testes, the new species appears to be a member of a clade containing Dioecotaenia, Duplicibothrium, and Glyphobothrium. The new species possesses vitelline fields that converge dorsally in each proglottis, except for the ovarian and terminal genitalia areas, a feature that has been reported previously only in Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium. Furthermore, Duplicibothrium and Glyphobothrium, like the new species, are markedly protandric. Therefore, we propose that Duplicibothrium, Glyphobothrium, and the new species comprise the sister group of the Dioecotaeniidae, and propose a new family name for the clade. Tritaphros is rejected as a possible sister group for the clade; suggested alternatives include some species of Caulobothrium, Rhodobothrium, or some members of the Phyllobothrium centrurum group

\u3ci\u3ePararhinebothroides hobergi\u3c/i\u3e n. gen. n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in \u3ci\u3eUrobatis tumbesensis\u3c/i\u3e (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from Coastal Ecuador

A new species of tetraphyllidean eucestode inhabiting Urobatis tumbesensis from inshore waters of southeastern Ecuador shares 3 synapomorphies with Rhinebothroides spp.: apical bothridial suckers poorly differentiated from the marginal loculi, internal seminal vesicles, and insertion of the vas deferens dorsally closer to the poral than the aporal end of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from Rhinebothroides spp. by lacking medial bothridial septa and loculi and having symmetrical ovarian arms, and possesses an apparent autapomorphic trait by having the vas deferens tapering to a narrow tube before entering the cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to the posterior end of the cirrus sac where it expands into an external seminal vesicle running ventral to the cirrus sac anteriorly to anterior to the vagina. In Rhinebothroides spp., the vas deferens is expanded into an external seminal vesicle near the insertion into the cirrus sac. As the sister group of Rhinebothroides, we propose a new genus to accommodate the new species. Phylogenetic evaluation of phyllobothriids recently assigned to Anthocephalum shows that they represent a paraphyletic assemblage of species of varying degrees of relatedness to Rhinebothroides spp. and the new species. Uncovering the relationships of the new species and the various species assigned to Anthocephalum permitted reevaluation of character transformations used in previous phylogenetic analysis of Rhinebothroides. Transformation series for 3 characters, previously based on functional outgroup comparisons, changed and a new character, length of cirrus sac, was added. The new phylogenetic analysis differs from the previous hypothesis only in placing R. scorzai as the sister species of R. circularisi + R. venezuelae + R. moralarai rather than of R. freitasi + R. glandularis + R. mclennanae. The occurrence of the sister species of Rhinebothroides in a Pacific Ocean stingray adds additional support to the hypothesis of Pacific origins of South American freshwater stingrays

Six Species of \u3ci\u3eAcanthobothrium\u3c/i\u3e (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Myliobatoidei) from Ecuador

Six species of Acanthobothrium, 4 described as new, are reported in stingrays from southern Ecuador. Acanthobothrium atahualpai n. sp. in Gymnura afuerae most closely resembles Acanthobothrium fogeli and Acanthobothrium parviuncinatum,/i\u3e by having bothridial hooks with recurved prongs and short handles. It differs from A. fogeli by having bothridial hooks 163-195 μm vs. 78-114 μm long and averaging 25 vs. 32 testes per proglottis; it differs from A. parviuncinatum by having bothridial hooks 163-195 μm vs. 87 μm long and averaging 25 vs. 13 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium minusculus n. sp. in Urolophus tumbesensis most resembles Acanthobothrium campbelli and Acanthobothrium vargasi by being no more than 3 mm long and having 6-30 testes per proglottis. It can be distinguished from them by having bothridial hooks averaging 86 μm vs. 108-111 μm and 130-133 μm long, and 6-10 vs. 15-23 and 22-29 testes per proglottis, respectively. Acanthobothrium monksi n. sp. in Aetobatus narinari resembles Acanthobothrium tasajerasi from Himantura schmardae by having a prominent genital atrium and a large globose cirrus sac; it differs by averaging 21 vs. 35 testes per proglottis and having bothridial hooks averaging 150 μm vs. 165 μm long. Acanthobothrium obuncus n. sp. in Dasyatis longus resembles a group of species characterized by wider than long to square immature and mature proglottides, bothridia at least partially fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, and asymmetrical ovarian arms with aporal arms extending anteriorly to the vaginal level. It resembles Acanthobothrium americanum by averaging 73 vs. 72 testes per proglottis, but differs by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 μm vs. 151 μm long; it resembles Acanthobothrium chilensis by having bothridial hooks averaging 120-131 μm vs. 130 μm long, but differs by averaging 73 vs. 90 testes per proglottis. Acanthobothrium campbelli in Urotrygon chilensis and Acanthobothrium costarricense in Dasyatis longus, previously known in those hosts from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, are reported from Ecuador for the first time