Ergonomia em Floricultura na Colômbia: Resultados e lições

Introducción: el sector floricultor ha sido afectado por años por la alta ocurrencia de enfermedades músculo-esqueléticas entre sus trabajadores. Diversos esfuerzos han sido puestos en marcha para comprender la magnitud del problema, sus causas y sus posibles soluciones. Este manuscrito expone desde la perspectiva académica las lecciones y logros del modelo de actuación industria-academia para mejorar las condiciones ergonómicas de la población trabajadora de este importante sector industrial. Materiales y métodos: se hizo una recopilación de actas, comunicaciones, reportes y publicaciones científicas de los trabajos llevados a cabo desde el año 2007 con la participación del Centro de Estudios de Ergonomía del Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Un análisis retrospectivo de esta información buscó responder a preguntas sobre el origen de los trabajos, objetivos perseguidos, resultados alcanzados, beneficios obtenidos y lecciones aprendidas. Resultados: el modelo de trabajo fue participativo. El motor iniciador de los trabajos son las empresas productoras de flores que hacen explícitas sus necesidades a las aseguradoras del trabajo. El diseño global del estudio no fue encargado a la academia, sino construido con la academia; y, posteriormente, refinado con la agremiación de productores. Aunque el objetivo global del trabajo es la prevención de enfermedades, este se lleva a cabo a partir de proyectos que en la medida en que fue pasando el tiempo fueron asegurando fondos para la consecución de objetivos específicos relacionados con: la evaluación de las condiciones ergonómicas del trabajo, la caracterización de la población trabajadora y el desarrollo, implementación y prueba de soluciones. Discusión: el modelo de colaboración industria-academia presentada evidencia importantes resultados tanto de mejoras a las condiciones laborales como académicos. Aunque es necesario validar la visión de la industria sobre este tipo de modelos de trabajo colaborativo, se considera que este caso fue exitoso y, por lo tanto, debería ser replicado en otras industrias.Introdução: o setor floricultor tem sido afetado por anos por a alta ocorrência de doenças mus­culoesqueléticas entre seus trabalhadores. Diversos esforços têm sido postos em funcionamento para compreender a magnitude do problema, suas causas e suas possíveis soluções. Este manus­crito expõe desde a perspectiva acadêmica as lições e resultados do modelo de atuação indústria -academia para melhorar as condições ergonômicas da população trabalhadora deste importante setor industrial. Materiais e métodos: Se fez uma recopilação de atas, comunicações, reportes e publicações científicas dos trabalhos levados a cabo desde o ano 2007 com a participação do Centro de Estudos de Ergonomia do Departamento de Engenharia Industrial da Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Uma análise retrospectiva desta informação buscou responder a perguntas sobre a origem dos trabalhos, objetivos perseguidos, resultados alcançados, benefícios obtidos e lições aprendidas. Resultados: o modelo de trabalho foi participativo. O motor iniciador dos trabalhos são as empresas produtoras de flores que fazem explícitas suas necessidades às seguradoras do trabalho. A criação global do estudo não foi encarregada à academia, senão construído com a aca­demia; e posteriormente refinado com a agremiação de produtores. Ainda que o objetivo global do trabalho é a prevenção de doenças, o trabalho se leva a cabo a partir de projetos, que na medida que foi passando o tempo, foram segurando fundos para a consecução de objetivos específicos re­lacionados com: a avaliação das condições ergonômicas do trabalho, a caracterização da população trabalhadora e o desenvolvimento, implementação e prova de soluções. Discussões: o modelo de colaboração indústria-academia apresentada evidencia importantes resultados tanto de melhoras às condições laborais quanto acadêmicas. Ainda que é necessário validar a visão da indústria sobre este tipo de modelos de trabalho colaborativo, considera-se que este caso foi de sucesso e portanto deveria ser replicado em outras indústrias. Introduction: The flower industry has been affected for years by the high occurrence of muscu¬loskeletal disorders among workers. Various efforts have been done to understand the magnitude of the problem, its causes and possible solutions. This manuscript presents from the academic perspective the lessons and achievements of an industry-academics model of action to improve the ergonomic conditions of the working population of this important industry. Materials and methods: I conducted a review of minutes, communications, reports and scientific publications related to the ergonomics work done since year 2007 with the participation of the Center for Ergonomics Studies (cee) of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. A retrospective analysis of the information sought to answer questions about the origin of the work, objectives, results, lessons learned and benefits gained. Results: The working model was participatory. Flower producers were the starters of the work. They made explicit their needs to workers’ insurance companies. The overall study design was not just given but built with academics, and subsequently refined with the association of producers. Although the overall objective of the work was the prevention of musculoskeletal disease among workers, the work was carried out in time as funds were secured through studies with specific objectives related to: Workplace ergonomics evaluations, characterization of the working population, and the development, implementation and testing of solutions. Discussion: The presented industry-academics collaboration model resulted in important improvements to working conditions and academic results. Although it is necessary to validate the view of the industry regarding this type of collaborative models, it is considered that this case was successful and therefore should be replicated in other industries

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Preliminares

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Índice Revista Ingeniería y Universidad 17-

Relación entre el dolor lumbar y los movimientos realizados en postura sedente prolongada. Revisión de la literatura

Resumen La evidencia científica muestra que existe una asociación entre dolor lumbar y postura sedente prolongada, además una de las poblaciones más sensibles es la de conductores con una alta prevalencia. Ahora bien los movimientos posturales en la silla son la respuesta natural del cuerpo debida a la incomodidad percibida por el dolor lumbar pero esta difiere en función de la historia previa. Con base en esto se realizó una revisión sobre los estudios que existen en relación al dolor lumbar y el movimiento en postura sedente prolongada, incluyendo la población de conductores, con el fin de comprender esta relación.  Se recuperaron 6226 artículos, de los cuales 16 artículos fueron publicados entre 1970 y 2011, estos proporcionaron la información necesaria para contestar la pregunta de revisión. Se pudo constatar que ninguno de los estudios han sido realizados en actividades de conducir y la mayoría se realizó con sujetos voluntarios sin considerar si la población era trabajadora. El movimiento con dolor lumbar en postura sedente prolongada solo se pudo explicar desde el rango de movimiento lumbar debido a que solo se encontró un artículo con estas características, hallando que los sintomáticos se mueven más pero que el dolor lumbar no disminuye en función del tiempo, es decir que conocemos muy poco acerca de la paradoja movimiento y dolor en postura sedente prolongada.Abstract Scientific evidence shows an association between low back pain and prolonged sitting posture, also one of the most sensitive populations to this disorder are the drivers with a high prevalence. Postural movements in the chair are body's natural response to perceived discomfort caused by back pain but this is different depending on each individual's background of back pain. Based on this, we perform a review of studies related to low back pain and movement in prolonged sitting posture, including the driver population, in order to understand this relationship. We retrieved 6226 articles, of which 16 matched the established criteria and provided the information necessary to answer the review question. We found that none of the studies considered were conducted in driving activities and most of them were done with volunteer subjects regardless if they were workers or not. The movement with low back pain in prolonged sitting posture could only be explained from the range of lumbar motion because only one article matched these characteristics, finding that symptomatic people move more but low back pain does not decrease as a function of time, proving that we know very little about the paradoxical between movement and pain in prolonged sitting posture.Correspondencia a: Maria Fernanda Maradei. Km 2 vía Bogotá, Condominio Hacienda San Miguel Casa 30 Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia. Tel: 3002907502. [email protected]ón: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universtiy of Texas.  No. de Proyecto: PPTA 416

Extraction of decision rules using genetic algorithms and simulated annealing for prediction of severity of traffic accidents by motorcyclists

The objective of this study is to analysis of accident of motorcyclists on Bogotá roads in Colombia. For detection of conditions related to crashes and their severity, the proposed model develops the strategies to enhance road safety. In this context, data mining and machine learning techniques are used to investigate 34,232 accidents by motorcyclists during January 2013 to February 2018. Both the Genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are applied in conjunction with mining rules (support, confidence, lift, and comprehensibility) as per objectives of the problem. The application of a hybrid algorithm allows for the creation and definition of optimal hierarchical decision rules for the prediction of the severity of motorcycle traffic accidents. The proposed method yields good results in the metrics of recall (90.07%), precision (89.87%), and accuracy (90.06%) on the data set. The results increase the prediction by 20–21% in comparisons with the following methods: Decision Trees (CART, ID3, and C4.5), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes, Neural Networks, Random Forest, and Random Tree. The proposed method defines 11 rules for the prediction of accidents with material damage, 24 rules with injuries, and 12 rules with fatalities. The variables with the most recurrence in the definition of rules are time, weather and road conditions, and the number of victims involved in the accidents. Finally, the interactions of the conditions and characteristics presented in motorcycle accidents are analyzed which contribute to the definition of countermeasures for road safety. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Associations of sickness absence for pain in the low back, neck and shoulders with wider propensity to pain

Objectives: To explore the association of sickness absence ascribed to pain at specific anatomical sites with wider propensity to musculoskeletal pain.Methods: As part of the CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) study, potential risk factors for sickness absence from musculoskeletal pain were determined for 11 922 participants from 45 occupational groups in 18 countries. After approximately 14 months, 9119 (78%) provided follow-up information about sickness in the past month because of musculoskeletal pain, including 8610 who were still in the same job. Associations with absence for pain at specific anatomical sites were assessed by logistic regression and summarised by ORs with 95% CIs.Results: 861 participants (10%) reported absence from work because of musculoskeletal pain during the month before follow-up. After allowance for potential confounders, risk of absence ascribed entirely to low back pain (n=235) increased with the number of anatomical sites other than low back that had been reported as painful in the year before baseline (ORs 1.6 to 1.7 for ≥4 vs 0 painful sites). Similarly, associations with wider propensity to pain were observed for absence attributed entirely to pain in the neck (ORs up to 2.0) and shoulders (ORs up to 3.4).Conclusions: Sickness absence for pain at specific anatomical sites is importantly associated with wider propensity to pain, the determinants of which extend beyond established risk factors such as somatising tendency and low mood. Better understanding of why some individuals are generally more prone to musculoskeletal pain might point to useful opportunities for prevention

Assessment of continuous and impulsive whole body vibration exposures in heavy equipment mining vehicles

The purpose of the study was to collect, compare and contrast continuous [A(8)] and impulsive [VDV(8) and S ed (8)] WBV exposures in 190, 240 and 320 ton mining trucks in order to determine whether the WBV exposures were above ISO and European Union action limits whether there were any differences in injury risk prediction across the WBV exposure parameters. All exposure parameters showed that the z-axis appeared to be the predominant axis of exposure with no exposure differences across trucks, whereas the x-and y-axis exposures differed and increased with truck size. In all trucks, the predominant axis A(8) and VDV(8) WBV exposures were below ISO and European Union (EU) action limits; however, all vector sum exposures were above action limits. In contrast, the S ed (8) WBV exposures were below ISO action limits. In conclusion, it appears that there is differential prediction of health risks between S ed (8) and the A(8) and VDV(8) WBV exposure parameters. Practitioner Summary: In the three types of mining truck evaluated, the vehicle operation times to reach the daily action limits for the vector sum A(8) and VDV(8) WBV exposures were less than 7 and 5 hours per day, respectively; in contrast, there was no daily limit for vehicle operation based on S ed (8) WBV exposure parameter. It appears the S ed (8) WBV exposure parameter may underestimate health risks

Estudio de comportamiento peatonal basado en video: Desarrollo y prueba de los métodos

Objective The aim of this paper is to develop a computer algorithm that analyzes pedestrian behavior at an urban site in Bogota, Colombia, considering that the assessment of pedestrian behavior is a road safety priority.Methods Pedestrians were video-taped as they crossed a selected road. An algorithm was developed in order to record, from these videos, pedestrian and vehicle positions and speeds. This information made possible the identification of hazardous behaviors, which were compared through visual assessments.Results 429 pedestrians crossed the selected road at an average distance of 4.5 meters from vehicles that moved at an average speed of 21 km/h. With a maximum difference of 19 % with respect to visual assessments, the algorithm estimated that 58.5 % pedestrians crossed through non-designated locations; 62.2 % crossed near moving vehicles, and that 41.2 % ran while they were crossing the road.Conclusions Video-based analysis can be used to assess pedestrians’ behavior. Future research work should focus on improving both the accuracy and the number of safety parameters of the algorithm.Objetivo La medición del comportamiento de peatones es una prioridad de la seguridad vial. Por lo anterior, se desarrolló un algoritmo para analizar el comportamiento de los peatones en una zona urbana de Bogotá, Colombia.Métodos Los peatones fueron filmados mientras cruzaban la calle. Mediante el algoritmo se midieron las posiciones y velocidades de peatones y vehículos en los videos. Se identificaron los comportamientos riesgosos y se compararon visualmente. Resultados 429 peatones cruzaron la vía a una distancia promedio de 4.5 metros de los vehículos (velocidad promedio 21 km/h). El algoritmo estimó, con una diferencia máxima de 19 % con respecto a lo observado, que 58.5 % de los peatones cruzaron por zonas incorrectas, 62.2 % cruzaron cerca de vehículos en movimiento y 41.2 % corrieron al cruzar.Conclusiones El análisis basado en video puede utilizarse para medir el comportamiento de los peatones. Los trabajos sobre el tema que se realicen en el futuro deben enfocarse en mejorar la precisión y los parámetros de seguridad del algoritmo