Importance of the αs-plot Method in Characterization of Nanoporous Materials

In this work, an exhaustive study of the calculation of micropore and mesopore volumes with αs-plot method as proposed by Professor Sing is carried out. The method is critically compared with other similar methods such as the Dubinin–Radushkevich, t-plot and those based on density functional theory (DFT). For comparison purposes, several nanoporous materials with different chemical properties were selected. The analysis was segregated into three categories: (i) microporous materials, in which the analyzed samples are activated carbons (ACs) with different pore-size distributions, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and a zeolite (MS5A); (ii) mesoporous materials, including ordered mesoporous carbons (CMK-3) and ordered mesoporous siliceous materials (MCM-41 and SBA-15); and (iii) micro-mesoporous materials, in which pillared clays (PILCs) obtained with different metals (Al, Si, Fe and Zr) were studied. To apply the αs-plot method, several standard isotherms previously reported by other authors were considered for the analysis of microporous and mesoporous materials. Furthermore, a series of four reference materials for PILCs were synthesized and their high-resolution nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured and reported. The results obtained by the αs-plot method are consistent with those obtained by DFT methods. This consistency highlights the importance of the use of this reliable and versatile method, where the correct selection of the standard isotherm is the most critical aspect to be considered.Fil: Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Blanco, Andres Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Roca Jalil, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; Argentin

Surface modified mesoporous nanocast carbon as a catalyst for aqueous sulfide oxidation and adsorption of the produced polysulfides

In this work, a mesoporous nanocast carbon prepared using SBA-15 as a template was modified by surface oxidation to produce unique catalysts for sulfide oxidation/elimination from an aqueous medium. Different characterization techniques (BET, SEM, Raman, FTIR, potentiometric titration, elemental analyses, cyclic voltammetry) showed that treatment with concentrated HNO3 at 80 °C for 5, 15 and 30 min attacks the carbon structure creating different oxygen surface functionalities in concentrations varying from 0.4-1.1 mmol g-1 with a small effect on the surface area (1080-1148 m2 g-1) and pore volumes (micropore 0.17-0.20 cm3 g-1 and mesopores 0.36-0.50 cm3 g-1). These materials showed high activities for the oxidation of sulfide in an aqueous medium forming polysulfides, e.g., S2 2-, S3 2- and S4 2-, which are rapidly eliminated from the aqueous medium. These results are discussed regarding efficient sulfide oxidation at redox surface oxygen sites leading to the formation of higher polysulfides followed by adsorption of these relatively large and more hydrophobic molecules into the mesopores.Fil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Mendonça, Fernanda Gomes de. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: de Castro, Arthur Henrique. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; BrasilFil: de Mesquita, João Paulo. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; BrasilFil: Lago, Rochel Montero. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentin

Improvement in the Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Dyes From Aqueous Solutions: A Comparative Study Using Aluminium Pillared Clays and Activated Carbon

The aim of this work was to evaluate the adsorption properties of anionic dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) from salted aqueous solution using natural clay, aluminum pillared clay (Al-PILC), and activated carbon. The textural properties of the materials were obtained by N2 adsorption at 77 K and the structural properties of natural and pillared clays were determined by X-ray diffraction. The effect of pH, contact time, initial concentration of dye, and influence of the addition of NaCl were evaluated by batch adsorption. Adsorption isotherms of Al-PILC, in different salt concentration were compared with natural clay and activated carbon. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models. The process of pillaring only improved the adsorption of the anionic dye RB5. Depending on the system adsorbent/adsorbate analyzed, the salt concentration can either help or hinder dye adsorption. We found that a special morphology formed during the process of pillaring greatly increased adsorption of the MB cationic dye in the range of high salt concentrations. This unexpected result may help in developing new pillarization strategies to treat effluents with high salt content.Fil: Aguiar, J. E.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Bezerra, B. T. C.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Siqueira, A. C. A.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Azevedo, D. C. S.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Lucena, S. M. P.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; BrasilFil: Silva Jr., I. J.. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Centro de Tecnologia. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção; Brasi

Ultramicropore-influenced mechanism of oxygen electroreduction on metal-free carbon catalysts

Two series of microporous carbon catalysts were prepared from ordered mesoporous carbon obtained from sucrose and KIT-6 as a carbon source and template, respectively. To modify surface features, the mother sample carbon was oxidized and then exposed to ammonia at 600, 800 and 950 °C. The latter treatment resulted in an introduction of nitrogen species to the carbons' matrices. The N-modified carbons had almost identical porosities and differed mainly in the content of nitrogen and oxygen on the surface. Moreover, the environment of the nitrogen groups on the surface did not show marked variations. To further modified N-free samples, the oxidized carbons was reduced by heating at 950 °C. Mother carbon, its oxidized and reduced counterparts made a series of N-free samples which differed markedly not only in the porosity but also in the content of oxygen groups. Prepared carbons were tested as ORR electrocatalysts in an alkaline electrolyte. The results indicated N-free carbons as the most efficient ORR catalysts from the views point of the number of electron transfer and kinetic current density (3.98 and 60 mA cm-2, respectively) The superior performance was linked to the high volume of small pores similar in size to the O2 molecule. This pore effect is complex since a strong adsorption of oxygen promoting the reduction process in ultramicropores and the access of electrolyte with dissolved oxygen to these pores are important. Therefore, to account for new factor addressing the effects of these features was proposed. It is referred to as a Pore Influence Factor, PIF, and it combines the number of dissociating groups (affecting hydrophilicity), ECSA and volume of ultramicropores (affecting O2 adsorption). It was established that the number of electrons transfer strongly depends on this factor. A direct dependence of the current density on the volume of micro and ultramicropores was also found for the N-free series of carbons.Fil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentina. The City College of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Florent, Marc. The City College of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Kulko, Margarita. The City College of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Bandosz, Teresa J.. The City College of New York; Estados Unido

Insight into the Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Micro/Mesoporous Carbons: Ultramicropores versus Nitrogen-Containing Catalytic Centers in Ordered Pore Structure

Ordered mesoporous/microporous carbon was synthesized from sucrose. The carbon was oxidized and modified with urea at 600, 800, and 950 °C. The obtained carbons differed in the pore size distributions in the meso- and micropore ranges. The carbons, after an extensive surface characterization, were used as ORR catalysts in a KOH electrolyte. Kinetic current densities and n reached 12.5 mA cm-2 and 3.94, respectively. The results suggested that small micropores increased the efficiency of ORR. The density of surface oxygen in mesopores had also a positive effect on ORR by increasing the hydrophilicity and the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and, thus, the accessibility of oxygen dissolved in the electrolyte to the pores of the highest adsorption potential. From the viewpoint of the number of electron transfers, current density, and onset potential, the carbons with small pore sizes and with only traces of nitrogen performed equally, or even better, in ORR process as those containing the catalytic nitrogen sites.Fil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentina. The City College of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Florent, Marc. The City College of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Bandosz, Teresa J.. The City College of New York; Estados Unido

Insights of adsorption isotherms with different gases at 77 K and their use to assess the BET area of nanoporous silica materials

There is a well-known relationship between porous materials performance in a given process and their textural properties. These properties include specific surface area, among others, where the most widely used experimental technique to determine them is gas adsorption. Although the most used adsorptive gas is N2 at 77 K up to atmospheric pressure, its quadrupole moment generates specific interactions with surface groups, as silanols in silica materials, causing a preferential orientation effect on the adsorbed N2 molecule affecting the specific surface area value. In this sense, we analyzed the adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K of nanoporous silica materials using different adsorptives. From these data, we obtained the specific surface area (SBET) values of the samples by applying the BET method with the IUPAC recommendations for each gas. The selected materials were MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, and SBA-16, and the adsorptives used were Ar, O2, and CH4, along with N2. Among the chosen adsorptives, Ar and CH4 do not have a quadrupole moment, whereas this value is present for N2 and O2, being the latter four times smaller than nitrogen. In addition, at 77 K, both Ar and CH4 are below their triple-point temperature, while N2 and O2, which are above their triple-point temperature, are in the same thermodynamic state. Taking the SBET obtained by Ar at 77 K as the referential value of each sample, the corresponding molecular transversal areas of the other adsorptives were estimated. It was found that the variation of transversal area for the N2 molecule at 77 K on silica materials was between 0.133 and 0.149 nm2 (below its common value of 0.162 nm2). In contrast, in the case of the O2 molecule at 77 K, this value was almost constant, with an average of 0.123 nm2. These results showed that the quadrupole moment of the O2 does not play an important role in the interaction with surface silanol groups present in the samples, making oxygen at 77 K a potential and reliable adsorptive to determine the specific surface area of silica materials.Fil: Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Arroyo Gómez, José Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentin

Synthesis and textural characterization of a templated nanoporous carbon from MCM-22 zeolite and its use as adsorbent of amoxicillin and ethinylestradiol

A templated nanoporous carbon was obtained from a zeolite MCM-22 type. The study about their textural properties was carried out by means of adsorption isotherms of nitrogen and carbon dioxide at 77 and 273 K, respectively. Due to the importance of the microporosity of these materials to be used as adsorbents, the micropore volume was analyzed by different methods/models (Dubinin?Radushkevich, asplot and Density Functional Density). The templated carbon obtained was evaluated in the adsorption of amoxicillin and ethinylestradiol from aqueous solutions. A relationship between the textural properties and the adsorption capacities of amoxicillin and ethinylestradiol on the templated carbon was analyzed. Results were compared with the adsorption capacities of other carbon materials as a commercial activated carbon and a templated carbon CMK-3 type.Fil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Tara, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Basaldella, Elena Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; Argentin

Hierarchical nanostructured carbons as CO2 adsorbents

Synthesis and characterization of hierarchical carbon materials, CMK-5 type, with high specific surface areas and large pore volumes is reported and tested in CO2 adsorption. These materials were successfully synthesized by the nanocasting process using a hard silica template SBA-15, furfuryl alcohol (FA) as carbon precursor, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as solvent. The percentage of FA, and the FA:TMB volume ratio were the synthesis parameters evaluated to determine the accurate amounts to impregnate the pore walls of the template. Both parameters influence the formation of carbon materials with a 2D porous structure and hexagonal tube array. CMK-5 materials achieved specific surface areas up to 2200 m2/g and total pore volumes ca. 2 cm3/g. The characterization techniques allowed us to establish a correlation between the different textural, structural and morphological properties and the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity. The CO2 adsorption capacity at 308 K up to 1 bar has a strong relationship only with the micropore volume, but at higher pressure (up to 10 bar) the CO2 adsorption capacity depends not simply on the amount of micropores but also of the small mesopores present in these carbons, reaching a maximum value of 7 mmol/g, at 308 K and up to 10 bar.Fil: Montiel Centeno, Kiara Yanibeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Villarroel Rocha, Jhonny. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Mario Sergio Jesus. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; Argentin

Effect of the Ethanol/BTC Ratio on the Methane Uptake of Mechanochemically Synthesized MOF-199

We report on a detailed textural analysis of mechanochemically synthesized MOF-199 including N2 adsorption-desorption and CO2 adsorption isotherms data at 77 K and 273 K (up to atmospheric pressure), respectively, and CH4 adsorption data at 298 K (up to 35 bar). We used the isotherm adsorption data to determine the micropore volume of the MOF-199 structures, to establish their methane uptake capacity and to understand how these properties depended on the Ethanol/BTC ratio used during the synthesis. The maximum methane uptake capacity for our specimens was recorded at 130 v/v at 35 bars. These results open an avenue for a better understanding of alternative manufacturing processes of MOF structures for gas storage applications.Fil: Kim, Manuela Leticia. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Shinshu University; JapónFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Kimura, Mutsumi. Shinshu University; JapónFil: Hinestroza, Juan P.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Otal, Eugenio Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; Argentina. Shinshu University; Japó

Limonene oxyfunctionalization over Cu-modified silicates employing hydrogen peroxide and t-Butyl hydroperoxide: Reaction pathway analysis

Limonene oxidation over Cu-nanostructured mesoporous materials was studied. Three solids with different copper content were synthesized employing the template-ion exchange method, and physically-chemically analyzed by a multi-technical characterization. The performance of the molecular sieves as catalysts in the liquid phase oxyfunctionalization of limonene, employing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidants was evaluated. All synthesized Cu-MCM materials were active in the reaction. The obtained results showed that the used oxidant had an important influence on the products distribution under the employed conditions. With H2O2, compounds of high added value such as limonene oxide, carveol and carvone were mainly obtained. Meanwhile, with TBHP, limonene hydroperoxide turned out to be the major product. Finally, a reaction mechanism was proposed for each oxidant.Fil: Vaschetti, Virginia María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Cánepa, Analía Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Barrera Diaz, Deicy Amparo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Eimer, Griselda Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Casuscelli, Sandra Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química; Argentin