Le mur

RésuméEn juin 2002, l’armée israélienne débute la construction d’un mur en Cisjordanie et autour de Jérusalem. Le 9 juillet 2004, la Cour internationale de justice, l’organe judiciaire principal des Nations unies, rend un avis sur la légalité de sa construction. Cet article étudie le régime juridique du mur et ses conséquences pour les Palestiniens. Il analyse les principaux arguments juridiques israéliens et palestiniens ainsi que les conclusions de la Cour. Celle-ci, en particulier, apporte des réponses importantes sur les questions que soulèvent le statut des Territoires palestiniens, le droit international applicable à ces Territoires et le droit des Palestiniens à l’autodétermination. L’auteur se penche sur les développements internationaux, notamment sur la décision de la Cour suprême israélienne relative à la légalité des ordonnances portant sur la construction du mur, et tâche de mesurer l’impact de l’avis consultatif.AbstractIn June 2002, the Israeli army started erecting a wall on the West Bank and around Jerusalem. On 9 July 2004, the International Court of Justice, the UN’s principal judicial organ, issued an advisory opinion about the legality of this action. This study of the legal issues related to the wall and its consequences on Palestinians analyzes the prin-cipal Israeli and Palestinian arguments and the World Court’s ruling, which answers several important questions about the status of the Palestinian territory, the international law applicable to it and the right of Palestinians to self-determination. International developments and, in particular, the Israeli Supreme Court’s ruling on the legality of decisions for building the wall are examined in order to gauge the impact of the World Court’s advisory opinion

Introduction : the functions and interactions of non-state actors in the realm of international humanitarian law

The term ‘international law’ was coined in 1789 by Jeremy Bentham, eventually becoming the predominant expression used by specialized literature, in lieu of ‘the law of nations’ or ‘droit des gens’, which were translations of the Latin term employed by Hugo Grotius: ‘ius gentium’. Although these terms do not necessarily convey that this body of law exclusively regulates relations between States, with the emergence of the nation-State, international law became increasingly focused on inter-State relations, thus excluding – for the most part – non-State entities. This book aims at challenging such an understanding of international law, suggesting that it is necessary to shift the focus beyond States, in order to encompass the various types of functions and interactions in which every entity participates, and that constitute international decision-making processes. It does so by concentrating on international humanitarian law (IHL), and reflecting on current legal, policy, and practical issues that concern non-State actors (NSAs) in and around situations of armed conflict