Recherche d'une relation entre la flore adventice des cultures et le sol en Côte d'Or

National audienc

Mechanical effects induced by shock waves generated by high energy laser pulses

Specimens made of low alloy and non alloyed medium carbon steels were subjected to high energy laser pulses. Direct ablation and confined plasma procedures were both investigated. An optimum impulse momentum transfer to the material is attained with a pulse duration of 30 ns and a power density of 10 GW .cm$^2$. Fatigue testing shows that the fatigue strengths of the selected materials are significantly increased. This can be related to the fact that laser shock processing generates an appropriate residual compressive stress field in a sufficiently thick layer and does not alter the initial surface roughness. In addition, the use of cumulative laser impacts and of dual treatment combining thermal and mechanical effects of the laser beam have been investigated and shown to result in an enhanced fatigue strength.Des échantillons d'acier éventuellement faiblement allié sont irradiés par un ou plusieurs pulses laser ayant une intensité comprise entre 1 et 100 GW/cm$^2$ et une durée d'émission laser de 3 ou 30 ns, les deux configurations d'ablation directe ou de plasma confiné étant utilisées. Les contraintes résiduelles résultant du passage de l'onde de choc sont analysées à l'aide de la technique de diffraction de rayons X. D'après cette étude, il apparaît clairement que les valeurs d'intensité et de durée d'émission laser les plus appropriées sont respectivement 10 GW/cm$^2$ et 30 ns. Ces valeurs correspondent à l'optimum de transfert d'impulsion. De plus, l'influence du nombre d'impacts laser utilisés est discuté et un essai de fatigue montre que ce traitement mécanique de surface augmente de manière significative la limite d'endurance du matériau étudié

Precision of soil seedbank sampling: How many soil cores?

A prerequisite for a precise estimate of the abundance of weed seeds in sou is prior knowledge of sampling variability, Based on an analysis of EWRS working group trials, it is shown that the sampling variance (s2) of seed counts increases with the sampling mean (S2) and can be predicted with the logarithmic form of Taylor's power law: log10(sz)=a+b log10(x\u304). This relationship is constant over time for means greater than 0.1 seeds per core within each of the five different sites studied (temporal variability) but differs slightly among sites (geographical variability). An attempt is made to use a general s2 : x\u304 relationship to predict the number of samples as a function of precision and density

Resultat d'une enquete floristique realisee dans les parcelles temoins des essais desherbage

National audienc

Malherb, logiciel de reconnaissance des mauvaises herbes des cultures : approche botanique

National audienc