18,920 research outputs found
A three-loop check of the 'a - maximization' in SQCD with adjoint(s)
The 'a - maximization' was introduced by K. Inrtiligator and B. Wecht for
finding anomalous dimensions of chiral superfields at the IR fixed points of
the RG flow. Using known explicit calculations of anomalous dimensions in the
perturbation theory of SQCD (with one or two additional adjoint fields), it is
checked here at the three-loop level.Comment: 5 pages; the title changed, the text improved and expande
Statistics of anomalously localized states at the center of band E=0 in the one-dimensional Anderson localization model
We consider the distribution function of the eigenfunction
amplitude at the center-of-band (E=0) anomaly in the one-dimensional
tight-binding chain with weak uncorrelated on-site disorder (the
one-dimensional Anderson model). The special emphasis is on the probability of
the anomalously localized states (ALS) with much larger than the
inverse typical localization length . Using the solution to the
generating function found recently in our works we find the
ALS probability distribution at . As
an auxiliary preliminary step we found the asymptotic form of the generating
function at which can be used to compute other
statistical properties at the center-of-band anomaly. We show that at
moderately large values of , the probability of ALS at E=0
is smaller than at energies away from the anomaly. However, at very large
values of , the tendency is inverted: it is exponentially
easier to create a very strongly localized state at E=0 than at energies away
from the anomaly. We also found the leading term in the behavior of
at small and show that it is
consistent with the exponential localization corresponding to the Lyapunov
exponent found earlier by Kappus and Wegner and Derrida and Gardner.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure
Semi-analytical dark matter halos and the Jeans equation
Although N-body studies of dark matter halos show that the density profiles,
rho(r), are not simple power-laws, the quantity rho/sigma^3, where sigma(r) is
the velocity dispersion, is in fact a featureless power-law over ~3 decades in
radius. In the first part of the paper we demonstrate, using the semi-analytic
Extended Secondary Infall Model (ESIM), that the nearly scale-free nature of
rho/sigma^3 is a robust feature of virialized halos in equilibrium. By
examining the processes in common between numerical N-body and semi-analytic
approaches, we argue that the scale-free nature of rho/sigma^3 cannot be the
result of hierarchical merging, rather it must be an outcome of violent
relaxation. The empirical results of the first part of the paper motivate the
analytical work of the second part of the paper, where we use rho/sigma^3
proportional to r^{-alpha} as an additional constraint in the isotropic Jeans
equation of hydrostatic equilibrium. Our analysis shows that the constrained
Jeans equation has different types of solutions, and in particular, it admits a
unique ``periodic'' solution with alpha=1.9444. We derive the analytic
expression for this density profile, which asymptotes to inner and outer
profiles of rho ~ r^{-0.78}, and rho ~ r^{-3.44}, respectively.Comment: 37 pg, 14 fig. Accepted to ApJ: added two figures and extended
discussion. Note that an earlier related paper (conference proceedings)
astro-ph/0412442 has a mistake in eq.(2.2); the correct version is eq.(5) of
the present submissio
The Radial Orbit Instability in Collisionless N-Body Simulations
Using a suite of self-gravitating, collisionless N-body models, we
systematically explore a parameter space relevant to the onset and behavior of
the radial orbit instability (ROI), whose strength is measured by the systemic
axis ratios of the models. We show that a combination of two initial
conditions, namely the velocity anisotropy and the virial ratio, determines
whether a system will undergo ROI and exactly how triaxial the system will
become. A third initial condition, the radial shape of the density profile,
plays a smaller, but noticeable role. Regarding the dynamical development of
the ROI, the instability a) begins after systems collapse to their most compact
configuration and b) evolves fastest when a majority of the particles have
radially anisotropic orbits while there is a lack of centrally-concentrated
isotropic orbits. We argue that this is further evidence that self-reinforcing
torques are the key to the onset of the ROI. Our findings support the idea that
a separate orbit instability plays a role in halting the ROI.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ. 9 figures in emulateapj styl
Disrupting the wall accumulation of human sperm cells by artificial corrugation
Many self-propelled microorganisms are attracted to surfaces. This makes
their dynamics in restricted geometries very different from that observed in
the bulk. Swimming along walls is beneficial for directing and sorting cells,
but may be detrimental if homogeneous populations are desired, such as in
counting microchambers. In this work, we characterize the motion of human sperm
cells long, strongly confined to shallow chambers. We
investigate the nature of the cell trajectories between the confining surfaces
and their accumulation near the borders. Observed cell trajectories are
composed of a succession of quasi-circular and quasi-linear segments. This
suggests that the cells follow a path of intermittent trappings near the top
and bottom surfaces separated by stretches of quasi-free motion in between the
two surfaces, as confirmed by depth resolved confocal microscopy studies. We
show that the introduction of artificial petal-shaped corrugation in the
lateral boundaries removes the tendency of cells to accumulate near the
borders, an effect which we hypothesize may be valuable for microfluidic
applications in biomedicine.Comment: 9 pages, latex. In accepted version on April 14, v2: abstract
modified, information added to Sec. II.A and experiments added to Sec. III.A
and Fig.3. Sec. III.C was deleted. Requested references adde
Variation of the hopping exponent in disordered silicon MOSFETs
We observe a complex change in the hopping exponent value from 1/2 to 1/3 as
a function of disorder strength and electron density in a sodium-doped silicon
MOSFET. The disorder was varied by applying a gate voltage and thermally
drifting the ions to different positions in the oxide. The same gate was then
used at low temperature to modify the carrier concentration.
Magnetoconductivity measurements are compatible with a change in transport
mechanisms when either the disorder or the electron density is modified
suggesting a possible transition from a Mott insulator to an Anderson insulator
in these systems.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Case management of malaria: Treatment and chemoprophylaxis
Malaria case management is a vital component of programmatic strategies for malaria control and elimination. Malaria case management encompasses prompt and effective treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality, reduce transmission and prevent the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Malaria is an acute illness that may progress rapidly to severe disease and death, especially in non-immune populations, if not diagnosed early and promptly treated with effective drugs. In this article, the focus is on malaria case management, addressing treatment, monitoring for parasite drug resistance, and the impact of drug resistance on treatment policies; it concludes with chemoprophylaxis and treatment strategies for malaria elimination in South Africa
Maximally inhomogeneous G\"{o}del-Farnsworth-Kerr generalizations
It is pointed out that physically meaningful aligned Petrov type D perfect
fluid space-times with constant zero-order Riemann invariants are either the
homogeneous solutions found by G\"{o}del (isotropic case) and Farnsworth and
Kerr (anisotropic case), or new inhomogeneous generalizations of these with
non-constant rotation. The construction of the line element and the local
geometric properties for the latter are presented.Comment: 4 pages, conference proceeding of Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE
2009, Bilbao
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