The branching pattern of major groups of land plants inferred from parsimony analysis of ribosomal RNA sequences

The parsimony and bootstrap branching pattern of major groups of land plants derived from relevant 5S rRNA sequence trees have been discussed in the light of paleobotanical and morphological evidences. Although 5S rRNA sequence information is not useful for dileneating angiosperm relationships, it does capture the earlier phase of land plant evolution. The consensus branching pattern indicates an ancient split of bryophytes and vascular plants from the charophycean algal stem. Among the bryophytes, Marchantia and Lophocolea appear to be phylogenetically close and together with Plagiomnium form a monophyletic group. Lycopodium and Psilotum arose early in vascular land plant evolution, independent of fem-sphenopsid branch. Gymnosperms are polyphyletic; conifers, Gnetales and cycads emerge in that order with ginkgo joining Cycas. Among the conifers, Metasequoia, Juniperus and Taxus emerge as a branch independent of Pinus which joins Gnetales. The phylogeny derived from the available ss-RNA sequences shows that angiosperms are monophyletic with monocots and dicots diverging from a common stem. The nucleotide replacements during angiosperm descent from the gymnosperm ancestor which presumably arose around 370 my ago indicates that monocots and dicots diverged around 180 my ago, which is compatible with the reported divergence estimate of around 200 my ago deduced from chloroplast DNA sequences

Structural features of the leaf epidermis of Halodule uninervis

Leaf blade epidermal cells of the marine angiosperm Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Aschers resemble transfer cells since they possess a highly invaginated plasmalemma with which numerous mitochondria are often associated. However, wall ingrowths found in transfer cells of terrestrial plants are lacking. The plasmalemma is invaginated around fibrillar material which is not continuous with the cell walls and which appears to be structurally different from cell wall material. Epidermal cells possess an organelle-rich cytoplasm in which chloroplasts and electron-dense deposits feature prominently. The outer cell wall is about twice as thick as the other walls and seems to have a porous texture. A thin but distinct cuticle covers the leaf surface. Often minute cavities occur within the cuticle adjacent to the wall. Epiphytic algae and bacteria are frequently found in close association with the epidermis. Based on structural features, it would appear that leaf blade epidermal cells of H. uninervis play an important role in the leaf’s activities such as synthesis of carbohydrates, absorption and secretion of solutes and osmoregulation

The influence of assertive classroom management strategy use on student-teacher pedagogical skills

This quantitative study examined the influence of teacher-educators’ use of assertive classroom management strategies on English as a foreign language (EFL) student-teacher generic-education and language-teaching skills. Concerns have been voiced that many teachers fail to communicate target skills and information to their students though they possess abundant subject-content and pedagogical-content knowledge. Traditionally, teacher-educators have been concerned with assisting students to grasp a defined body of knowledge through information transmission. Currently, teacher educators face the challenge of assisting student-teachers to learn how to learn so that they can face political, social and economic uncertainties and to become independent lifelong learners. This demanded new ways of educating student-teachers who, too, have to handle the very task (Shawer, 2010; Shawer, Gilmore & Banks-Joseph, 2008). Some key skills student-teachers need to develop involve their use of effective classroom management strategies (Shawer, 2006)

Highlights for the 9th International Workshop on Pediatrics, 22–23 July 2017, Paris, France

The 9th International Workshop on Pediatrics was held in Paris, France on the 21–22 July, 2017. It was co-chaired by Lynne Mofenson (EGPAF, USA), Albert Faye (University Paris Diderot, Paris, France) and Valériane Leroy (INSERM, France). Over 300 participants attended the workshop. The abstracts included 20 oral presentations, 87 posters and 45 abstract book-only abstracts

Synthesis And Characterization And Performance Evaluation Of Poly (Ester Amide) Urethane Derived From Thevetia Nerrifolia Seed Oil From Nigeria

Thevetia nerrifolia seed oil was extracted from the seed-bearing oil using hot extraction method involving the use of Soxhlet apparatus. The oil was characterized for physicochemical properties which include; specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, iodine value, and saponification value respectively. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyl ethyl) Fatty amide was obtained from the oil by reacting the oil with diethanolamine at 120oC, which was then reacted with phthalic anhydride at 140-150oC to give poly (ester amide). The poly (ester amide) was modified by reacting with 2, 4-diisocyanate under N2 atmosphere at 120oC to give poly (ester amide) urethane. Physicochemical characterization was carried out on both fatty amides, the unmodified and modified poly (ester amide). The film properties and chemical resistance were carried out on both the unmodified and urethane modified poly (ester amide). FTIR and TGA analysis were also carried out on the unmodified and the modified poly (ester amide). Findings revealed that the oil is semi-drying; suitable for surface coatings and that the performances of the poly (ester amide) were enhanced in terms of chemical resistance, film properties and thermal stability upon modification with a diisocyanate

Analysis of performance handover mobile node ipv6 at WLAN network

ABSTRAKSI: Seiring perkembangan zaman yang begitu pesat, teknologi sekarang ini dituntut untuk memberikan akses internet dimanapun, kapanpun, dan mobile secara real time dan terus menerus. Pengembangan WLAN dan mobile IP.V-6 diharapkan menjadi suatu kombinasi jaringan yang dapat memberikan pelayanan tersebut kepada masing-masing userPada tugas akhir ini penulis mengangkat pemodelan jaringan WLAN dengan beberapa AP (Access Point) dimana user akan berpindah dari satu AP (Access Point) ke AP (Access Point) lainnya, sehingga dapat dianalisa proses handover untuk melihat proses soft handover pada mobile IP-V.6 dan menganalisa parameter-parameter pada saat terjadinya proses soft handover serta memperhitungkan kaitan parameter tersebut dengan scheduling process yang digunakan. Diharapkan ketika proses perpindahan user dari satu AP (Access Point) ke AP (Access Point) lain, user masih bisa mengakses internet dan komunikasi data tetap berjalan tanpa terputus. Fokus penelitian ini lebih kepada proses terjadinya soft handover dan hal-hal apa saja yang bisa mengakibatkan soft handover itu terjadi pada mobile IP dengan scheduling process yang ditentukan.Pada tugas akhir ini, penulis menggunakan Mobile IP.V-6. Metode yang digunakan penulis adalah perancangan serta analisa dari simulasi jaringan. Hal-hal yang akan dianalisa adalah active access point, throughput, dan delay dari ketiga scheduling process yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Simulator yang digunakan penulis untuk percancangan jaringan adalah OPNET Modeler. Dengan penggunaan mobile IP, simulasi dapat berlajan sesuai dengan rencana, yakni user dapat berpindah dari satu AP (Access Point) ke AP (Access Point) lain dan memungkinkan terjadinya soft handover.Kata Kunci : ipv6, mobile ipv6, wlan, 802.11, OPNETABSTRACT: As the times are so fast, today\u27s technology is required to provide internet access anywhere, anytime, and mobile in real time and continuously. WLAN and mobile development IP.V-6 is expected to be a combination of networks that can provide these services to each user.At this final task author WLAN network modeling with multiple AP (Access Point) that the user will move from one AP (Access Point) to another AP (Access Point), so that the handover process can be analyzed to see the soft-handover in mobile IP v.6 and analyze parameters during the process of soft the handover. Expected when the process of moving users from one AP (Access Point) to another AP (Access Point), the user can still access the internet and data communications continue running without interruption. This study focused more on the process of soft handover and any matters that could result in soft handover took place on the mobile IP.On this final task, the author uses the Mobile IP.V-6 is considered to have many advantages compared to Mobile IP.V-4, either in security or auto address configuration. The method used is the author of the design and analysis of network simulations. Things that will be analyzed is the active access point, throughput, and delay. Simulator is used to author the OPNET Modeler network planning. Because of mobile IP, the simulation can be run according to scenario, the user can move from one AP (Access Point) to another AP (Access Point) and allow the soft handover.Keyword: ipv6, ipv6 mobile, wlan, 802.11, OPNE

A Study on the Empowerment of Women Construction Workers as Masons in Tamil Nadu, India

The construction sector has the largest number of unorganised labourers in India next only to agricultural sector. Women form half the workforce and by choice or by design they are not allowed to acquire specific skills that may enable them to become masons. Women join as unskilled workers and remain unskilled till the end of their working life span. However, men get training and systematically upgrade their construction skills to graduate as masons, supervisors and contractors. A study was conducted on the career progress of 440 men construction workers and 440 women construction workers and 51 building contractors to find out the reasons why women in the construction sector were not able to acquire skills for masonry work and how they could be trained to become masons. The findings of the study show that there is an inherent gender bias against women and also the shared general belief that women construction workers are unfit to be trained informally like men in the construction sector even though they have the necessary skills, capability and desire to become masons. Though the contractors are willing to accept women as masons by giving them training and placement in the construction sector, it has been found, the social forces that have perpetuated the concept of women as inferior workers are inimical to any such move. This study also analyses the methodology of training offered to men in the construction sector in India and proposes a new methodology of training that would qualify women construction workers to become masons and empower them economically