3 research outputs found
The Basaltic Monogenetic Volcanic Field of the Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark, Hungary: From Science to Geoeducation and Geotourism
As a part of the long-standing volcanism of the Carpathian–Pannonian Region, a basaltic monogenetic volcanic field developed here from 8–2.3 Ma. This is a specific type of volcanism, when mostly a small volume of magma erupts intermittently and always in a new place. The Bakony–Balaton Uplands area is an excellent natural laboratory, where several unique volcanological features can be observed and which provides an insight into how such volcanism is taking place. This volcanic field consists of more than 50 volcanic centers and almost all volcanic eruption types characterizing basalt volcanism can be recognized here, such as hydrovolcanic (phreatic to phreatomagmatic) eruptions and magmatic (Strombolian and Hawaiian) explosive eruptions with proximal and distal pyroclastic deposits, clastogenetic lava, valley-channeled lava flow, lava lake and vent-filling basalts. Since significant uplift and erosion occurred after the volcanism, the original volcanic edifices have been variously eroded, enabling the unique exposure even of the vent and conduit sections. The lava lake and valley-filled basalts were resistant to erosion that resulted in an inverted morphology landscape. Building on scientific results gained from petrological and volcanological studies for more than a century, the Bakony–Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark makes a great effort to transfer this knowledge to geoeducation and geotourism development. This includes volcanological nature trails over 40 km in length and visitor centers with exhibitions designed not only to unravel the nature of volcanic processes, but also to serve as entertainment and recreation. This is accomplished by regular guided outdoor activities led by certified local partners, who successfully passed the geopark geotour-guide training courses
A kvarter felszĂnfejlĹ‘dĂ©s vizsgálata numerikus felszĂnfejlĹ‘dĂ©si modellek (SPM), távĂ©rzĂ©kelt adatok Ă©s terepi vizsgálatok segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel a DunántĂşl közĂ©psĹ‘ rĂ©giĂłjában = Studies on Quaternary surface evolution in the Mid-Transdanubian region by Surface Processes Modelling (SPM), remotely sensed data and field observations
A DunántĂşl felszĂnfejlĹ‘dĂ©si folyamatait vizsgáltuk. TermokronolĂłgiai eredmĂ©nyĂĽnk, a hasadásnyomok bimodális hossz-eloszlása azt támasztja alá, hogy a Velencei-hg. az eocĂ©nben bekövetkezett hĹ‘törtĂ©neti esemĂ©ny után egy második hĹ‘hatást is elszenvedett, de komolyabban már nem fedĹ‘dött be. A többi paleozĂłos felszĂni kibukkanás nem volt datálhatĂł. Georeferált törtĂ©nelmi tĂ©rkĂ©pek alapján a Duna bevágĂłdására Ă©s avulziĂłjára következtettĂĽnk, a Kisalföld környĂ©kĂ©n aktĂv tektonikára utalĂł folyĂłdinamikai jelensĂ©geket találtunk. A Pinka-Perint-RĂ©pce vĂzhálĂłzatában megfigyelhetĹ‘ oldalelmozdulásos tektonika, amely helyenkĂ©nt csuszamlásos tevĂ©kenysĂ©ggel is párosul. A dunántĂşli vulkánok pannon fekĂĽ felĂĽletĂ©t vizsgálva arra következtetĂĽnk, hogy a recens vertikális mozgásokkal valĂł korreláciĂł miatt ezek a mozgások hosszabb idĹ‘távra is extrapolálhatĂłk. A kiemelkedĂ©s az oka a DunántĂşl kvarterben bekövetkezett vĂzrajzi átszervezĹ‘dĂ©sĂ©nek. A numerikus modellezĂ©si eredmĂ©nyeink csak rĂ©szben illeszthetĹ‘k a valĂłs jellegzetessĂ©gekhez. Az Enyingi-hát elhabolĂłdása Ă©s a Balaton holocĂ©n ĂĽledĂ©ke között összefĂĽggĂ©st látunk, amellett, hogy a földrengĂ©sek pedig a neotektonikus aktivitás bizonyĂtĂ©kai. A számos lefolyástalan mĂ©lyedĂ©s geofizikai vizsgálata löszkarsztot jelez. DendrokronolĂłgiai eredmĂ©nyekbĹ‘l arra a következtetĂĽnk, hogy a SárrĂ©ti-medence is fiatal kĂ©pzĹ‘dmĂ©ny, ezĂ©rt a JenĹ‘i-platĂł peremi völgyei juvenilis jellegűek. Ă–sszefoglalĂłan arra következtetĂĽnk, hogy a terĂĽlet jelentĹ‘s rĂ©sze aktĂv tektonikájĂş. | Studying the surface processes of Transdanubia, thermochronological (fission track) results of Velence Hills show a Miocene heating event after the Eocene main phase, but there was no considerable burial. The other Palaeozoic outcrops were not measurable. Using georeferenced historical maps incision and avulsion of the Danube can by implied. In the Little Hungarian Plain river dynamics indicate active tectonic processes. The drainage of Pinka-Perint-RĂ©pce system is found to be influenced by strike-slip faulting, at places combined with mass movements. The elevation of the contact surface of theTransdanubian volcanics with Pannonian strata correlates with the recent crustal movements, therefore recent uplift rates can be extrapolated back inthe past. This uplift reorganised the drainage style of theTransdanubia during the Quaternary. SPM results can be only partly validated by observations. The eroded material of the Enying ridge by the wave abrasion of Lake Balaton and the thickness of the lake sediments are found to be comparable in volume. The earthquakes also verify neotectonic activity. Numerous closed depressions on top of the ridge seem to be loess karst phenomena as revealed by geoelectric profiles. Dendrochronological results indicate that SárrĂ©t basin is a young feature together with the juvenile valleys at the rim of the JenĹ‘ plateau. In summary, the analysed areas are mostly characterised by active tectonics
Vulkanológiai kutatások az észak-magyarországi andezitvulkáni hegységekben = Volcanological research in the North Hungarian andesite volcanic mountains
A kutatĂłmunka az Ă©szak-magyarországi vulkáni hegysĂ©gekben korábban - más OTKA- Ă©s FKFP-pályázatok, valamint nemzetközi egyĂĽttműködĂ©sek segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel - megkezdett vulkanolĂłgiai Ă©s vulkángeomorfolĂłgiai vizsgálatok folytatására, összegzĂ©sĂ©re irányult. SĂşlypontja a Visegrádi-hegysĂ©g vulkanizmusának Ă©s a Dunakanyar - rĂ©szben ezzel kapcsolatos - felszĂnfejlĹ‘dĂ©sĂ©nek a kutatása volt, emellett kutatĂłmunkát vĂ©geztĂĽnk a Mátra közĂ©psĹ‘ Ă©s keleti rĂ©szĂ©n, Ă©s összehasonlĂtĂł tanulmányokat folytattunk az Eperjes-Tokaji-hegysĂ©gben Ă©s a Keleti-Kárpátok vulkáni vonulatában. A pályázatban rĂ©sztvevĹ‘, illetve a publikáciĂłkban társszerzĹ‘ kutatĂłk a földtudomány igen kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ terĂĽleteit kĂ©pviseltĂ©k, Ăgy a munka során sokfĂ©le mĂłdszert tudtunk alkalmazni (terepi vulkanolĂłgia, morfometria, DEM-elemzĂ©s, K/Ar-kormeghatározás, paleomágneses vizsgálatok, Ĺ‘slĂ©nytan stb.). A kutatĂłmunka eredmĂ©nyekĂ©nt eddig 11 publikáciĂł jelent meg/áll megjelenĂ©s alatt, ebbĹ‘l 5 nemzetközi folyĂłiratban, 3 nemzetközi, 1 hazai konferencián, valamint 2 könyvfejezet formájában. | This research has continued the volcanological and volcanic geomorphological investigations that were initiated in the North Hungarian volcanic mountains supported by other OTKA and FKFP projects as well as international cooperations. Its main focus was the volcanism of the Visegrád Mountains and its relationship to the relief evolution of its northern foreground - the Danube Bend -; further research was done in the Mátra Mountains, and comparative studies were made in the Tokaj-Eperjes(SlánskĂ©) as well as East Carpathian volcanic mountains. The participating researchers and other co-authors of the project represented various aspects of earth sciences. As a consequence, many independent methods have been applied during the research, e.g. field volcanology, morphometry, DEM analysis, K/Ar geochronology, paleomagnetic investigations, paleontology etc. As a result, 11 publications have been or about to be published so far, out of this 5 articles in international journals, 4 presentations in conferences (3 in international forums, 1 in Hungary), and 2 book chapters