Flocculation Studies of Lonchocarpus Laxiflorus Plant(Leaves, Stem Bark and Roots) for Wastewater Treatment

The fact that water is the most important material used by mankind defines the importance of water purification. Wastewater and industrial effluent treatment require removal of suspended solids for purification and possible re-usage. The removal can be accomplished by gravitation (very slow), by coagulation (dependent on electric charge situation) and by flocculation (not dependent on electric charges and the fastest).  This work evaluates the efficiency of the leaves, stem bark and roots of lonchocarpus laxiflorus in removing turbidity, suspended solids from 1% w/v of kaolin suspension through coagulation-flocculation process. Flocculation capabilities of the plant were studied using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at three different wavelengths (?=400, ?=600 and ?=800). The result generally showed that the flocculation efficiency was a function of both flocculation time allowed and the wavelength of UV-radiation used. Keywords: Coagulation- Flocculants, Environment,   lonchocarpus laxiflorus , waste wate

Studies on the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon for pesticide vapour

Chlorpyrifos pesticides are endocrine disruptors, inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase, used to control pests and prime contributors to indoor pollution in retail stores. Seven selected locally sourced adsorbents; Bone charcoal (BCA), corncobs, cotton seed, kokoli, sawdust, coconut shell (CSA) and Muruchi were evaluated. Only BCA and CSA shows peaks and were further examined at adsorptive temperatures of 283, 293, 303, and 313K. Adsorbents physical properties that is, micro pore surface area, total pore volume; micro pore volume, particle density and true density were measured and compared. Results from gas chromatography and surface characterization revealed that the adsorptive capacities of carbon (CSA) at various temperatures were higher than that of carbon (BCA). The plots of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms were well fitted by the measured adsorption data. The parameters of adsorption equation for both Langmuir and Freundlich were determined for the two adsorbents, which indicates increased values of adsorptive capacity at low temperature and decreases at high temperature. This study shows that activated carbon made from coconut shell has high surface area, micro porous structure, high degree of surface reactivity and higher heterogeneous properties that suggest it to be a better adsorbent sufficient for the adsorption of chlorpyrifos vapour in an indoor environment

Effect of urea formaldehyde viscosity on urea formaldehyde and urea proparaldehyde copolymer composite

This work investigates the effect of urea formaldehyde (UF) viscosity on a composite derived from copolymerization reaction between urea formaldehyde (UF) and urea proparaldehyde (UP). Some physical properties of the urea formaldehyde/urea proparaldehyde (UF/UP) copolymer obtained at different UF viscosities (3.91-207.08 mPa.s) were evaluated. The melting point, refractive index, density and formaldehyde emission were found to increase with increase in UF viscosity while the dry time, moisture uptake and elongation at break were found to decrease with increase in viscosity. UF viscosity below 10.82 mPa.s was found to produce UF/UP copolymer composite which is ductile and soluble in water. Beyond this value, the composite became insoluble in water. Thus processing of UF/PU copolymer resin for emulsion paint formulation should be carried out below 10.82 mPa.s viscosity level. The results obtained from this experiment will offer formulators different options and will help to control formulation processes towards developing UF/UP copolymer composite as a paint binder for emulsion paint formulation. Keywords: Copolymerization, viscosity, Paint binder.International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 2 (4) 2008: pp. 425-43

Graft copolymerization of Acrylamide onto Bombax Costatum Calyx by initiator ceric ammonium nitrate: Study of effective grafting parameters for optimization

Abstract: The Graft copolymerization of Acrylamide monomer (AAm

Determination of Total Phenolic Content and Some Selected Metals in Extracts of Moringa oleifera, Cassia tora, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia baldwinii and Telfairia occidentalis Plant Leaves

The main objective of this research is to determine the content of metals (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn) and total phenols in different plant extracts of Moringa oleifera, Cassia tora, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia baldwinii and Telfairia occidentalis. Content were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The result indicate that Moringa oleifera plant extracts range from 0.25 ±0.00 to 6.13 ±0.30 mg/kg, Cassia tora plant extracts - 0.17 ±0.03 to 7.48 ±0.06 mg/kg, Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts - 0.18 ±0.00 to 5.43 ±0.12 mg/kg, Vernonia baldwinii and Telfairia occidentalis plant extracts - 0.21 ±0.03 to 7.86 ±0.12 mg/kg and 0.17 ±0.00 to 4.52 ±0.06 mg/kg, respectively. The results also revealed a lower abundance of heavy metals. The total phenolic content was determined using the modified Folin-Ciocalteu method. Herein, the phenolic content in Moringa oleifera was 8.50 ±1.23 mg Garlic Acid Equivalent g-1 (mg GAE g-1), Cassia tora - 30.00 ±0.00 mg GAE g-1, Ocimum gratissimum - 45.00 ±1.41 mg GAE g-1 , Vernonia baldwinii - 49.00 ±1.14 mg GAE g-1 and Telfairia occidentalis - 46.6 7 ±0.27 mg GAE g-1. We found the lowest total phenol content in Moringa oleifera. This also possessed high chelating activity. In contrast, Vernonia baldwinii contained the highest total phenol content, but had low chelating activity. The plant extracts with high levels of phenolic compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity

Microsoft Word - SAJ-14-302 Kamba et al pdf

Case Study Removal of Chromium (VI) as a heavy metal from aqueous solution using Chitin obtained from Bargi fish (Heterotis Miloticus) scale. ABSTRACT The extraction of chitin from Bargi fish (Heterotis Miloticus) scale used in removing Cr (VI) have been evaluated using chemical and physical methods. The physical parameters investigated include: Equilibrium Contact Time (ECT), pH Adsorption Isotherm (AI) Langmuir isotherm (LI), Freundlich Isotherm (FI) and Thermodynamic Studies (TS). The chemical parameter used is Initial Metal Concentration (IMC). The physical parameters show the following: increasing the contact time increased the adsorption of the Cr (VI) ion and remained constant after an equilibration time of 60 min. The uptake of Cr (VI) ion by chitin was due to the presence of crystalline network, acetamide groups instead of hydroxyl groups and little amino groups which prevent further adsorption of Cr (VI). The adsorption of Cr (VI) increased with increase in pH from 2 to 6. The adsorption isotherm showed a sort of plateau, hence there is a formation of a complete monolayer of the metal ion covering the adsorbent surface. The thermodynamic study revealed that increasing the temperature decreases the adsorption capacity. The chemical parameter showed that when the concentration of the initial metal ion was increased, there was an increase in the amount of metal ion removed from the solution. Therefore the process is temperature dependent, pH dependent and maximum adsorption capacity was found at pH 6-8