Assessment of Prolonged Unsafe Conditions through Tidal Flood and Rain water Flood at Lower Bengal Basin, India

Abstract Khejuri police station is located at the lower Bengal Basin near the Hugli river mouth under Midnapore (east). It is considered as a littoral tract region having monsoon climatic character. Naturally this area is known for its agricultural potential. Rice, Betel leaves, Lemons and various types of vegetables like potato, Brinzal, Chilli, Sugarcane stick etc. are the main crops produced which are sent to local and national markets which is important in the context of national trade. The present paper seeks to analyze the problems of land degradation due to recurring water logging that has been instrumental in losing the earlier glory of the area as an agriculturally potential tract

Indigenous approaches of orchid pest management in North East India

209-214Orchids are high value flowers cultivated by the people in North East India. Pest infestation is one of the major factors limiting the quality production of these flowers. Twelve locations from five North eastern states, i.e., Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Darjeeling and Kalimpong of West Bengal were taken in this study. Observations revealed that a large number of farmers in tribal hamlets growing orchids at their homes or in a small piece of land and still practice indigenous techniques for pest management on orchids as followed in other crops. Locally available wild plants and their by-products, insect’s excreta and few animal produces were applied with age old knowledge of farmers for successful management of orchid pests. Such practices were easily prepared, comparatively cheaper and well accepted by the community of the region

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Not AvailableOrchids are high value flowers cultivated by the people in North East India. Pest infestation is one of the major factors limiting the quality production of these flowers. Twelve locations from five North eastern states, i.e., Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Darjeeling and Kalimpong of West Bengal were taken in this study. Observations revealed that a large number of farmers in tribal hamlets growing orchids at their homes or in a small piece of land and still practice indigenous techniques for pest management on orchids as followed in other crops. Locally available wild plants and their by-products, insect’s excreta and few animal produces were applied with age old knowledge of farmers for successful management of orchid pests. Such practices were easily prepared, comparatively cheaper and well accepted by the community of the region.Not Availabl

Twentieth century rainfall trends of Uttarakhand, India: A spatio-temporal analysis

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Not AvailableRainfall is a prime input of the hydrological cycle and therefore its variability analysis plays a key role in designing of engineering structures and crop planning. The increase in uncertainty of rainfall events may affect the water resources which lead to decrease the production in agricultural sector especially in hill region like Uttarakhand. The present study was based on spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall variation in the state of Uttarakhand, India over the 20th century (1901–2000). Sen’s slope and Mann-Kendall statistics were used to test the trend in annual and seasonal rainfall pattern, and the maximum decrease in monsoon rainfall was observed in Champawat district (2.16 mm year -1 ) followed by Bageswar (1.82 mm year -1 ), and Pithoragarh (1.80 mm year -1). Rainfall in winter and post- monsoon seasons also decreased in all the districts but the changes observed were not significant (p>0.05). Pettitt’s test was employed to know the most probable change year for seasonal and annual rainfall trend. After 1986, a significant declining trend over the year was observed in annual, post-monsoon and monsoon rainfall showed at the probability levels of 0.052, 0.085 and 0.059, respectively. Whereas, after 1964, a declining trend during winter rainfall was observed but the change was found to be non- significant (p= 0.452). To know the periodicity of rainfall pattern, Wavelet analysis was done and observed an increasing frequency of annual and monsoon extreme rainfall events with stronger periodicity of 2–8 years in the recent decades. These findings will be helpful for the policy makers for optimal water allocation and also for making scientific management strategies for constructions of engineering structures, utilization of rain water for agriculture such as land preparation and sowing, and other usesNMSH

Novel routes for valorisation of grape pomace through the production of bioactives by Aspergillus niger

Abstract: Grape pomace is an abundant winery by-product produced worldwide, which contains a high concentration of polyphenols trapped in cell wall fibers. The fungus tannase enzyme finds many applications in the industry, but its use is currently limited. This is due to its high production cost derived from tannic acid, which is the typical inductor of tannase enzyme by Aspergillus species. Therefore, assessment of natural tannin sources as inductors is a strategy to overcome this limitation. We propose here to employ the red grape pomace, which is a rich source of tannins and polyphenols. We found that, although grape pomace is not able to induce tannase by itself, it is a useful complement for tannic acid induction, reducing the concentration of tannic acid necessary to achieve maximum levels of tannase induction, which ranged between 3.0 and 4.5 U/mL. We also explored the potential usage of this biomass to induce other relevant industrial enzymes and quantified the recovery of gallic acid from grape pomace by the fungus fermentation; finding new routes for this by-product valorisation.Fil: Meini, María Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Departamento de Química Biológica. Área Biofísica; ArgentinaFil: Ricardi, Laura Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Romanini, Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Departamento de Tecnología; Argentin