19,186 research outputs found
Paradigm clashes and progress: a personal reflection on a 50-year association with ABCT
Why is ABCT a successful, vibrant, and growing association when most other professional associations are withering on the vine? Since the first annual meeting of the organization, which I was privileged to attend, I have witnessed repeated changes in direction as new paradigms were introduced and debated. The clashing of ideas in these debates in our Association over the years centered on such things as classical versus operant learning principles, cognitive versus behavioral modes of intervention, the introduction of a focus on modifying affect and emotion, and “third wave” approaches. Indeed the very founding of the organization was based on a fundamental paradigm clash with the prevailing psychoanalytic approaches in the 1960s. The fact that through it all the organization continues to thrive reflects the secret to our success and our fundamental strength, a reliance on the slow but inexorable process of science.Accepted manuscrip
Anger: the unrecognized emotion in emotional disorders
Anger plays a prominent definitional role in some psychological disorders currently widely scattered across DSM‐5 categories (e.g., intermittent explosive disorder, borderline personality disorder). But the presence and consequences of anger in the emotional disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, depressive disorders) remain sparsely examined. In this review, we examine the presence of anger in the emotional disorders and find that anger is elevated across these disorders and, when it is present, is associated with negative consequences, including greater symptom severity and worse treatment response. Based on this evidence, anger appears to be an important and understudied emotion in the development, maintenance, and treatment of emotional disorders.First author draf
An eclipsing post common-envelope system consisting of a pulsating hot subdwarf B star and a brown dwarf companion
Hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) are evolved, core helium-burning objects located
on the extreme horizontal branch. Their formation history is still puzzling as
the sdB progenitors must lose nearly all of their hydrogen envelope during the
red-giant phase. About half of the known sdBs are in close binaries with
periods from 1.2 h to a few days, a fact that implies they experienced a
common-envelope phase. Eclipsing hot subdwarf binaries (also called HW Virginis
systems) are rare but important objects for determining fundamental stellar
parameters. Even more significant and uncommon are those binaries containing a
pulsating sdB, as the mass can be determined independently by asteroseismology.
Here we present a first analysis of the eclipsing hot subdwarf binary
V2008-1753. The light curve shows a total eclipse, a prominent reflection
effect, and low--amplitude pulsations with periods from 150 to 180 s. An
analysis of the light-- and radial velocity (RV) curves indicates a mass ratio
close to , an RV semi-amplitude of , and an
inclination of . Combining these results with our spectroscopic
determination of the surface gravity, , the best--fitting
model yields an sdB mass of 0.47 and a companion mass of . As the latter mass is below the hydrogen-burning limit,
V2008-1753 represents the first HW Vir system known consisting of a pulsating
sdB and a brown dwarf companion. Consequently, it holds great potential for
better constraining models of sdB binary evolution and asteroseismology.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for A&
Restoration of isotropy on fractals
We report a new type of restoration of macroscopic isotropy (homogenization)
in fractals with microscopic anisotropy. The phenomenon is observed in various
physical setups, including diffusions, random walks, resistor networks, and
Gaussian field theories. The mechanism is unique in that it is absent in spaces
with translational invariance, while universal in that it is observed in a wide
class of fractals.Comment: 11 pages, REVTEX, 3 postscript figures. (Compressed and encoded
figures archived by "figure" command). To appear in Physical Review Letter
Addressing neuroticism in psychological treatment
Neuroticism has long been associated with psychopathology and there is increasing evidence that this trait represents a shared vulnerability responsible for the development and maintenance of a range of common mental disorders. Given that neuroticism may be more malleable than previously thought, targeting this trait in treatment, rather than its specific manifestations (e.g., anxiety, mood, and personality disorders), may represent a more efficient and cost-effective approach to psychological treatment. The goals of the current manuscript are to (a) review the role of neuroticism in the development of common mental disorders, (b) describe the evidence of its malleability, and (c) review interventions that have been explicitly developed to target this trait in treatment. Implications for shifting the focus of psychological treatment to underlying vulnerabilities, such as neuroticism, rather than on the manifest symptoms of mental health conditions, are also discussed.First author draf
Modified brinley plots: advantages and disadvantages
Accepted manuscrip
Radial Velocity Confirmation of a Binary Detected from Pulse Timings
A periodic variation in the pulse timings of the pulsating hot subdwarf B
star CS 1246 was recently discovered via the O-C diagram and suggests the
presence of a binary companion with an orbital period of two weeks. Fits to
this phase variation, when interpreted as orbital reflex motion, imply CS 1246
orbits a barycenter 11 light-seconds away with a velocity of 16.6 km/s. Using
the Goodman spectrograph on the SOAR telescope, we decided to confirm this
hypothesis by obtaining radial velocity measurements of the system over several
months. Our spectra reveal a velocity variation with amplitude, period, and
phase in accordance with the O-C diagram predictions. This corroboration
demonstrates that the rapid pulsations of hot subdwarf B stars can be adequate
clocks for the discovery of binary companions via the pulse timing method.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 5 pages, 2 figures, 3
tables; uses emulateap
A functional analysis of two transdiagnostic, emotion-focused interventions on nonsuicidal self-injury
OBJECTIVE: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and associated with clinically significant consequences. Developing time-efficient and cost-effective interventions for NSSI has proven difficult given that the critical components for NSSI treatment remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the specific effects of mindful emotion awareness training and cognitive reappraisal, 2 transdiagnostic treatment strategies that purportedly address the functional processes thought to maintain self-injurious behavior, on NSSI urges and acts.
METHOD: Using a counterbalanced, combined series (multiple baseline and data-driven phase change) aggregated single-case experimental design, the unique and combined impact of these 2 4-week interventions was evaluated among 10 diagnostically heterogeneous self-injuring adults. Ecological momentary assessment was used to provide daily ratings of NSSI urges and acts during all study phases.
RESULTS: Eight of 10 participants demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in NSSI; 6 participants responded to 1 intervention alone, whereas 2 participants responded after the addition of the alternative intervention. Group analyses indicated statistically significant overall effects of study phase on NSSI, with fewer NSSI urges and acts occurring after the interventions were introduced. The interventions were also associated with moderate to large reductions in self-reported levels of anxiety and depression, and large improvements in mindful emotion awareness and cognitive reappraisal skills.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that brief mindful emotion awareness and cognitive reappraisal interventions can lead to reductions in NSSI urges and acts. Transdiagnostic, emotion-focused therapeutic strategies delivered in time-limited formats may serve as practical yet powerful treatment approaches, especially for lower-risk self-injuring individuals.Dr. Barlow receives royalties from Oxford University Press, Guilford Publications Inc., Cengage Learning, and Pearson Publishing. Grant monies for various projects come from the National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH100761), the National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse, and Colciencias (Government of Columbia Initiative for Science, Technology, and Health Innovation). Consulting and honoraria during the past several years have come from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, the Department of Defense, the Renfrew Center, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Universidad Catolica de Santa Maria (Arequipa, Peru), New Zealand Psychological Association, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mayo Clinic, and various American Universities. (F31MH100761 - National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse; Colciencias (Government of Columbia Initiative for Science, Technology, and Health Innovation))Accepted manuscrip
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