Prevalence and risk factors of teat end hyperkeratosis in cows from the Urals region of Russia

Diseases of the dairy herd negatively affect the period of economic use of animals, the volume of milk production and its quality. In this regard, early diagnosis of diseases and their causes will reduce the incidence of dairy herds and prevent economic losses. The research of the state of udder teats in cows during lactation has been conducted in the farms of the Ural region containing Holsteinized black-motley cows with different levels of milk productivity. An analysis of the spread of teat end hyperkeratosis in different animal housing and milking technologies was carried out according to the number of lactations and the season of the year. Analysis of morbidity in farms with different levels of milk productivity showed that as animal productivity increases, more teats with signs of pathological changes are registered. Simultaneously, teat lesions are also observed when using robotic milking machines, but in smaller numbers. In autumn and winter regardless of type of milking equipment, the growth of udder teat diseases is observed. When milking by robotic system, the influence of frequency, duration of milking and other factors on the development of hyperkeratosis were analyzed. It was noted that animals with milking frequency of more than 2 times a day have a higher level of hyperkeratosis; likewise, animals with permanence in the box and prolongued milking have a higher percentage of lesions, which can be related to the narrowing of the lumen of the teat canal and excretion of a large volume of milk. Also, animals with changes in the area of the teat canal opening have changes in the qualitative composition of milk, in particular, increased protein content and a decreased lactose content, which may indicate the development of an inflammatory process in the mammary gland.Gerencia de Contenidos Periodísticos y Editoriales, DNACI, INTAFil: Barkova, A.S. Kaliningrad State Technical University; Federación RusaFil: Verkhoturov, V.V. Kaliningrad State Technical University; Federación Rus

Assessment of the state of the reproductive system of males of Northern sled dog breeds in a kennel

Due to the increased interest in sledding in dogs, the assessment of their reproductive function, in particular breeding males, is also relevant at the present time. In the course of the work, the prostate condition was assessed in breeding working animals in a kennel, as well as the quality of sperm in working dogs of different ages, as well as in non-working groups. The results showed that in 16.8% of males the prostate is not enlarged, the echostructure is uniform, the contours are even, and the echogenicity is normal. A slight increase in the organ without structural changes is observed in 42% of the examined animals and the same number of dogs (42%), have echostructural changes and increased organ size. Prostate enlargement in most of the examined males of the kennel may be associated with the crowding of their content, as well as the presence of bitches in neighboring enclosures. When assessing semen quality in workers of different age groups and non-group males in various time intervals at different intensity of physical activity. it is noted that the stability of sperm quality identified in males outside of the group, while animals in the system having both long and short-term physical load sperm quality is subject to considerable fluctuations. Thus, under intense load, the sperm quality indicators correspond to the reference values in animals of all groups, while during the long period of rest, working sled dogs have a significant decrease in the quality of sperm, which negatively affects their fertility