Comparing the effects of upper limb and breathing exercises on six-minute walking distance among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a three-group randomized controlled clinical trial

Introduction: Physical exercise can improve patient outcomes and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates among subjectswith chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of upper limb and breathing exercises onsix-minute walking distance among these patients. Material and methods: This three-group randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2017–2018 in Velayat hospital,Qazvin, Iran. Seventy-five patients were purposively selected from the outpatient lung clinic of the hospital and randomly allocatedto either the 25-patient groups of upper limb exercise, breathing exercise, or control. The patients in the first group wereperforming upper limb exercises thrice weekly for one month in the study setting. Their counterparts in the second group weredoing pursed-lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises four times daily for one month at their homes. However, the patients inthe control group received no exercise intervention. Six-minute walk test was performed by each participant both before andafter the study intervention. The SPSS for Windows program (v. 23.0) was used to analyze the data via the Chi-square test, thepaired-sample t test, and the one-way analysis of variance. Results: Before the intervention, the groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting six-minute walking distance.During the study, walking distance in the control group did not change significantly, while it remarkably increased in both the upperlimb exercise and the breathing exercise groups (p < 0.05). After the intervention, walking distance in the upper limb exercisegroup was significantly greater than the breathing exercise group (p < 0.05) and the control group (p < 0.05); however, thedifference between the breathing exercise and the control groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Upper limb exercise is more effective than breathing exercise in increasing walking distance among patients withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, upper limb exercise can be used as a safe, simple, and inexpensive rehabilitationtechnique for these patients

Effect of intravenous lignocaine infusion on bispectral index during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: A prospective randomised double‑blind study

Background and Aims: Systemic lignocaine has been shown to have sedative effects. We designed this randomised-double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of intravenous lignocaine on the bispectral index (BIS) during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: 80 patients scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated to 2 study groups. Group L received intravenous 1.5 mg/kg of lignocaine bolus, 15 minutes before spinal anaesthesia followed by an intravenous infusion 1.5 mg/kg/h for 60 minutes intravenously. The patients in the control group (C group) were given 0.9% sodium chloride in a double-blind fashion. Spinal anaesthesia was performed with 10 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine. The changes of Sao2, BIS and hemodynamic variables during caesarean section, Apgar score of neonate and the incidence of adverse effects were recorded. Results: BIS values were lower in the L group compared to C group (P ≤ 0.001). Comparison of mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes during spinal anaesthesia and surgery reveal statistically significant difference between two groups through repeated measure analysis (P ≤ 0.001), but comparision of heart rate (HR) changes during spinal anaesthesia and surgery failed to reveal any statistically significant difference between two groups. (P = 0.261). The Apgar scores did not reveal a significant difference between the two groups at first and five minutes after delivery (P = 0.99). Conclusion: Intravenous lignocaine infusion given with spinal anaesthesia in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery providing lower BIS values without respiratory depression, in the absence of foetal compromise

The Effect of Individual and Group Education Done by Nurses on Smoking Dependency and Smoking Cessation Motivation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: This study was carried out to reveal the effect of individual and group education done by a nurseon smoking dependency and smoking cessation motivation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Iran. A total of 255 patients wererandomly divided into three groups: 1) individual education, 2) group education, and 3) control. Data werecollected using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Smoking Cessation MotivationQuestionnaire (Q-MAT) one time before the intervention and two times after intervention (1st and 3rd months).Findings: The mean scores of motivation for smoking cessation and smoking dependency in patients in theindividual and group education were significantly better than the control group after the intervention (1st and3rd months) (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the mean scores of smoking cessationmotivation and smoking dependency in patients in the individual education and group education groupsafter education, the status of the patients in the group education was slightly better.Conclusion: Education by nurses might have a significant impact on smoking cessation motivation andsmoking dependency in patients with CAD. Further studies are recommende

Correlation between food habits and time spent watching television with sleep quality at children and teenagers, MINOODAR Qazvin

Introduction: Children from the age of each person's life so that people's eating habits are formed during this period. Some studies of the relationship between TV viewing time and also how sleep quality and eating habits in children and adolescents are supported, but others do not approve of the presence of such a relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary habits and TV viewing time sleep quality in children and adolescents 10-18 years Minoodar Qazvin. Materials and methods: The study population of 10-18 year old population research center was MINOODAR. Sampling using multi-stage cluster random sampling was performed. All demographic, anthropometric and nutrition, as well as questions related to sleep quality standard questionnaire and was collected by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using spss softwareversion16. Findings: Most of the adolescents studied food groups: grains, meat and oil more than the recommended but milk and dairy product and vegetable group were receiving less than the recommended amount. The results showed that boys compared with girls, bread and cereals (p=0/005) and milk and milk products (p=0/048) received more. Also, people who had low sleep quality was higher consumption of bread and cereals (p= 0/01). People with normal sleep omega-3 fatty acids consumed more (p<0/05). The regression analysis of sleep quality with age, gender, time of watching TV, playing video games and get the time of caffeine was no observed. Conclusions: The nutritional status of adolescents in need of reform. This study showed that eating less bread and refined grains and omega-3 fatty acid intake may increase sleep quality in children and adolescents are more boys than girls drank milk and dairy products, so the problem of delay sleep and irregular sleep was less. Also watching TV for 2 hours a day will have no effect on quality of sleep, however, to verify the results of this study, further research is needed in this area

Effect of pethidine (meperidine) on decreasing the duration of first and second stages of labor

Introduction: Pethedine is used to decrease labor pain. According to some studies, pethidine can be effective on labor progress. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of pethidine on decreasing the duration of the first and second stages of labor. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 120 nulliparous women with term singleton pregnancy who needed induction of labor for pregnancy termination in Kosar hospital, Qazvin in 2013. They were randomly assigned in two groups of intervention and control (n=60). A single dose of 50 mg pethidine was injected intravenously at 4 cm cervical dilatation in intervention group. In control group, normal saline was injected as placebo. The intervals between the injection and complete cervical dilatation, the complete cervical dilatation and the end of delivery, and the injection and the end of delivery were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and student T-test and Chi-square test P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean interval between the injection of pethedine and complete cervical dilatation was 129±70 min in intervention group and 133±75 min in control group and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.7). The mean duration of second stage of labor was 45±26 min in intervention group and 41±16 min in control group and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.3). The mean interval between pethidine injection and end of delivery was 175±79 min in intervention group and 174±83 min in control group and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.39). Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between pethidine injection and progression of the labor stages

Umor očiju korisnika terminala za videoprikaz i njegov odnos s poremećajima spavanja

Visual display terminal (VDT) work has become a major part of operation in majority of workplace. This study aimed to eye fatigue in video display terminal users and its relation to sleep disorders. This cross-sectional study was done on 209 computer users who work more than one year in this field. All participants completed a questionnaire about their age, sex, BMI, years of experience, and hours of daily computer use. A standardized visual fatigue questionnaire was used for detection presence and severity of eye strain. Sleep quality was used to assess Pittsburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) , and the Epworth Sleepiness Questionnaire (ESS) to assess daytime sleepiness in participants. Insomnia was assessed by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The most common eye symptoms including eye fatigue (65.5%), eyelid heaviness sensation (69.4%), eye irritation (67.2%), dry eye (67.8%), blurred vision (68.5%), and tearing (68.1%) were significantly higher in participants who were working more than 8 hours with DVT in day. There was a significant correlation between scores of eye fatigue and insomnia severity (Rho=0.32, P<0.05). According to results, the prevalence of eye symptoms particularly eyelid heaviness sensation and blurred vision was high. However, eye fatigue was more affected insomnia severity in VDT users. Therefore, it is needed to protect computer users from the adverse effects of VDT. Implementing proper ergonomic programs to the workplace are important for achievement to good physical and mental health among VDT users.Rad terminala za vizualni prikaz (VDT) postao je glavni dio pogona na većini radnih mjesta. Ova studija presjeka provedena je na 209 korisnika računala koji rade više od jedne godine u ovom području. Svi sudionici ispunili su upitnik o svojoj dobi, spolu, indeksu tjelesne mase, godinama iskustva i satima svakodnevnog korištenja računala. Standardizirani upitnik korišten je kako bi se detektirala prisutnost i ozbiljnost naprezanja oka. Upitnik sadrži 15 pitanja o problemima s očima. Nesanica je ocijenjena indeksom ozbiljnosti nesanice. Najčešći očni simptomi uključujući umor očiju (65,5 %), osjećaj težine kapaka (69,4 %), iritacija oka (67,2 %), suho oko (67,8 %), zamagljen vid (68,5 %) i suzenje oka (68,1 %) bili su značajno viši u sudionika koji su radili više od osam sati s VDT-om na dan. Postojala je značajna korelacija između rezultata umora očiju i ozbiljnosti nesanice (Rho=0,32, P<0,05). Prema ovim rezultatima, prevalencija očnih simptoma bila je visoka i povezana s ozbiljnošću nesanice u naših VDT korisnika. Dakle, potrebno je zaštititi korisnike računala od štetnih VDT učinaka. Implementacija ispravnih ergonomskih programa na radnom mjestu važna je kako bi se postiglo dobro fizičko i mentalno zdravlje među VDT korisnicima