Leptogenesis beyond the limit of hierarchical heavy neutrino masses

We calculate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in thermal leptogenesis beyond the usual lightest right-handed (RH) neutrino dominated scenario (N_1DS) and in particular beyond the hierarchical limit (HL), M_1 << M_2 << M_3, for the RH neutrino mass spectrum. After providing some orientation among the large variety of models, we first revisit the central role of the N_1DS, with new insights on the dynamics of the asymmetry generation and then discuss the main routes departing from it, focusing on models beyond the HL. We study in detail two examples of `strong-strong' wash-out scenarios: one with `maximal phase' and the limit of very large M_3, studying the effects arising when delta_2=(M_2-M_1)/M_1 is small. We extend analytical methods already applied to the N_1DS showing, for example, that, in the degenerate limit (DL), the efficiency factors of the RH neutrinos become equal with the single decay parameter replaced by the sum. Both cases disprove the misconception that close RH neutrino masses necessarily lead to a final asymmetry enhancement and to a relaxation of the lower bounds on M_1 and on the initial temperature of the radiation-dominated expansion. We also explain why leptogenesis tends to favor normal hierarchy compared to inverted hierarchy for the left-handed neutrino masses.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures; corrected typo in Eq. (67); shortened Introduction, Section 3 and Conclusions; one figure removed; added 2 references; to appear in JCA

Early postoperative outcome after curative colorectal cancer surgery

Introduction:Colorectal cancer is uncommon in the Indian subcontinent, so there is a paucity of outcome data from this region. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for early postoperative morbidity and mortality following curative colorectal cancer surgery in our set-up. Methods: The data on Patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, between January 1999 and December 2008 were recorded. Patients who developed early postoperative morbidity or mortality were compared with those who followed a healthy course after surgery. Results: A total of 250 consecutive Patients underwent colorectal cancer surgery during the study period. Postoperative complications were found in 34.8 percent of the Patients, out of which four deaths occurred. Serum albumin level less than 3.5 g/dl (odds ratio [OR] 3.75, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.37-10.23) and tumours involving the left colon (OR 2.60, 95 percent CI 1.02-6.64) were identified as independent risk factors for early postoperative complications on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: A low serum albumin level and the presence of a left-sided colonic tumour were significant risk factors for early postoperative complications. Information on these complications and the risk factors for early postoperative outcome is an important consideration for Patients and surgeons

Supersymmetric Biorthogonal Quantum Systems

We discuss supersymmetric biorthogonal systems, with emphasis given to the periodic solutions that occur at spectral singularities of PT symmetric models. For these periodic solutions, the dual functions are associated polynomials that obey inhomogeneous equations. We construct in detail some explicit examples for the supersymmetric pairs of potentials V_{+/-}(z) = -U(z)^2 +/- z(d/(dz))U(z) where U(z) = \sum_{k>0}u_{k}z^{k}. In particular, we consider the cases generated by U(z) = z and z/(1-z). We also briefly consider the effects of magnetic vector potentials on the partition functions of these systems.Comment: Changes are made to conform to the published version. In particular, some errors are corrected on pp 12-1

Near--K-edge double and triple detachment of the F- negative ion: observation of direct two-electron ejection by a single photon

Double and triple detachment of the F-(1s2 2s2 2p6) negative ion by a single photon have been investigated in the photon energy range 660 to 1000 eV. The experimental data provide unambiguous evidence for the dominant role of direct photo-double-detachment with a subsequent single-Auger process in the reaction channel leading to F2+ product ions. Absolute cross sections were determined for the direct removal of a (1s+2p) pair of electrons from F- by the absorption of a single photon

Common fixed points for self-mappings on partial metric spaces

In this paper, we prove some results of a common fixed point for two self-mappings on partial metric spaces. Our results generalize some interesting results of Ilic et al. (Appl. Math. Lett. 24:1326-1330, 2011). We conclude with a result of the existence of a fixed point for set-valued mappings in the context of 0-complete partial metric spaces

Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Laporan Pengamatan melalui Model Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Siswa Kelas V Sdn 1 Blimbing Karangnongko Klaten

The purpose of this research is to describe improve the observation report writing skill through Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in fifth grade students of State Primary School of 1 Blimbing Karangnongko Klaten. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). Research conducted at fifth grade of State Primary School of 1 Blimbing Karangnongko Klaten academic year 2014 / 2015. The research subject was all of the fifth grade students amount 22 students. The object of research is the observation report writing skill through Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study was conducted in two cycles. The writer obtained the data from observation result, interview, document and test. The results showed an increase in the observation report writing skill through Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. It is proven on the first condition is 60,23. It means that the class achievement percentage is 31,82%. In the fist cycle, the class average mark is 66,36. It means that the class achievement percentage is 54,55%. In the second cycle, the class average mark became 78,18. It means that the class achievement percentage is 90,91%. The result of this research is Problem Based Learning (PBL) could improve students skill of observation report writing in fifth grade students of State Primary School of 1 Blimbing Karangnongko Klaten

Leptogenesis implications in models with Abelian family symmetry and one extra real Higgs singlet

We show that the neutrino models, as suggested by Low, which have an additional Abelian family symmetry and a real Higgs singlet to the default see-saw do not hinder the possibility of successful thermal leptogenesis. For these models (neglecting radiative effects), we have investigated the situation of strong washout in both the one-flavor approximation and when flavor effects are included. The result is that while such models predict that theta_{13}=0 and that one light neutrino to be massless, they do not modify or provide significant constraints on the typical leptogenesis scenario where the final asymmetry is dominated by the decays of the lightest right-handed neutrinos.Comment: 18 pages, RevTeX4, accepted by Phys. Rev. D. v2: minor corrections, note and 1 ref. added, same content as published versio

RHIP, a Radio-controlled High-Voltage Insulated Picoammeter and its usage in studying ion backflow in MPGD-based photon detectors

A picoammeter system has been developed and engineering. It consists in a current-voltage converter, based on an operational amplifier with very low input current, a high precision ADC, a radio controlled data acquisition unit and the computer-based control, visualization and storage. The precision is of the order of a tenth of picoampers and it can measure currents between electrodes at potentials up to 8 kV. The system is battery powered and a number of strategies have been implemented to limit the power consumption. The system is designed for multichannel applications, up to 256 parallel channels. The overall implementation is cost-effective to make the availability of multichannel setups easily affordable. The design, implementation and performance of the picoammeter system are described in detail as well as a an application: the measurement of ion backflow in MPGD-based photon detectors.Comment: 5th International Conference on Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGD2017), presentation by Silvia Dalla Torr