Breastfeeding: Neglect or Excessive Support? A Case Report of Child Abuse by a Negligent Heroin-Dependent Mother

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to promote, develop, and secure the health of infants. Child abuse is one of the most common and most important problems in the world, and one of the factors that increase its incidence is substance dependency of the parents. Breastfeeding beyond the normal age range can be harmful to the health of the mother and baby, and may represent a pathological parent-child relationship. CASE REPORT: A little girl, who was breastfed until the age of 8 years by her heroin-dependent mother, was hospitalized in a child and adolescent psychiatric ward due to heroin dependency. During the investigations, it was found that not only had the girl been breastfed until this age, but she had also not been enrolled into a school. In other words, due to the mother's heroin dependency, her infant was also dependent on the drug. CONCLUSION: In the assessment and treatment of parents with substance related disorders, the possibility of child abuse should also be considered. When breastfeeding is continued beyond the normal age range, it is necessary to find the reason. By early detection and timely intervention, negative consequences for the child can be prevented

The efficacy of probiotics for treatment of bipolar disorder-type 1: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

Objective: Bipolar disorders are among the most common chronic mental disorders. Despite the recent improvement in controlling psychiatric disorders, treatment of bipolar disorders remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming probiotics in patients with bipolar disorder-type 1 compared to the placebo group. Method: This was a permuted blocked randomized clinical trial conducted in Shahid Beheshti mental hospital in Kerman, Iran, from October 2017 to October 2018. Two psychiatrists diagnosed and hospitalized all 38 patients with type 1 bipolar disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Using blind randomized blocking method size 4, patients were divided into 2 groups of placebo and probiotic. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were completed at the beginning, week 4, and week 8 of the study by a psychiatry resident. Independent t test, Mann-Whitney and repeated measures ANOVA tests were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, sex, and severity of mania and depression. Consumption of probiotics reduced the scores of YMRS and HDRS over time in the probiotic group more than the placebo group, but it was not significant. Conclusion: Consumption of probiotics had non-significant effects on improvement and treatment of bipolar type 1 patients. It is suggested that future studies be conducted with different probiotic microbial strains and longer period of treatment. © 2020 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Improvement of manufacturing layout in cutting to cushion insertion area at Automotive Air-conditioning Technology Phil. Inc. using line balancing with fuzzy logic assessment

This thesis studies the current layout of Automotive Air-conditioning Technology Philippines, Inc at Cutting to Cushion Insertion area and aims to improve the said area using Line Balancing to develop new layout or change the placement of machines to achieve optimal productivity. This study aims to reduce the walk distance, thus increasing the productivity of the worker. The productivity of the proposed layout that will be developed will be assessed through fuzzy logic given the minimum and maximum range of the inputs to be used. Assessment parameters include walk distance, walk time and machine time with 25 rules per assessment. The distance and layout assessment parameters are to be classified as Very Productive, Productive, Break-even, Unproductive and Very Unproductive. The study developed two layouts that will decrease the walk distance and will increase the productivity of the Cutting to Cushion Insertion Area and the researchers will leave the choice to the company of which layout will be considered to be implemented. © 2016 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved