O conhecimento de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sobre a Terapia Antirretroviral

In order to analyze the knowledge of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach was carried out in the Specialized Care Services (SCS) in the municipalities of Caruaru and Garanhuns – PE, Brazil. A total of 256 PLWHA took part in the study. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics l. It was found that the majority of respondents were male; aged 30-49 years. Only 56 PLWHA had completed high school/higher education. It was noticed that age group, religion, education and family income are significantly associated (p>0.05) with the level of knowledge about ART. As to the knowledge on antiretroviral action, 27.7% did not know or erroneously responded that the medication acts completely destroying the HIV. Regarding the indication of ART, 82% said that it is indicated for the control of the virus. As to the duration of treatment, 12.5% mentioned that it lasts until the normal examination results are obtained. In relation to knowledge about the precautions with the use of other drugs, 25% said that they can make use of any medicine without medical advice. Gastrointestinal and psychiatric adverse effects were the most common (69.1% and 39.8%). We conclude that knowledge on therapy is an aspect that can contribute to poor adherence and that it represents an issue to be worked by health professionals working in the SCSs.Con el objetivo de analizar los conocimientos de las personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA (PVVS) en la terapia antirretroviral (ART), se ha elaborado un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, en los servicios de asistencia especializada (SAE) de los municipios de Caruaru y Garanhuns-PE, Brasil. El estudio incluyó a 256 PVVS. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró que la mayoría  de los entrevistados eran hombres; entre 30 y 49 años. Sólo 56 PVVS presentan escuela secundaria superior. Se observó que grupo de edad, religión, educación e ingresos familiares están significativamente asociados (p > 0.05) en el nivel de conocimiento acerca del ART. En cuanto a los conocimientos sobre la acción de medicamentos anti-retrovirales, 27,7% no sabían o habían divulgado, erróneamente, que el medicamento actúa destruyendo el VIH. Con respecto a la indicación de la HAART, 82% respondió que está indicado para el control del virus. En cuanto a la duración del tratamiento, 12,5% informó que este dura hasta la normalidad en los resultados de la prueba. El conocimiento acerca de las precauciones con el uso de otras medicinas, 25% informó que puede hacer uso de las medicinas, sin tener en cuenta consejos médicos. Los efectos adversos gastrointestinales y psiquiátricos fueron los más conocidos (69.1% y 39.8%). Se concluye que el conocimiento acerca de la terapia es un aspecto que puede contribuir a una adherencia insuficiente y que debe ser trabajado por profesionales de la salud que trabajan en pequeñas empresas agrícolas.Com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) sobre a terapia antirretroviral (TARV), desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, nos Serviços de Assistência Especializada (SAE) dos municípios de Caruaru e Garanhuns-PE, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 256 PVHA. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial (testes: Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher; e de Verossimilhança). Verificou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados eram homens; entre 30 a 49 anos. Apenas 56 PVHA apresentaram ensino médio/superior. Percebeu-se que faixa etária, religião, escolaridade e renda familiar estão significativamente associadas (p>0,05) ao nível de conhecimento sobre TARV. Quanto ao conhecimento acerca da ação dos antirretrovirais, 27,7% não sabiam ou referiram, erroneamente, que a medicação age destruindo totalmente o HIV. A respeito da indicação da TARV, 82% responderam que é indicada para o controle do vírus no organismo. Quanto à duração do tratamento, 12,5% referiram que este dura até a normalidade nos resultados dos exames. Sobre conhecimento acerca das precauções com uso de outros medicamentos, 25% referiram que podem fazer uso de qualquer outro medicamento, independentemente da orientação médica. Os efeitos adversos gastrointestinais e psiquiátricos foram os mais conhecidos (69,1% e 39,8%). Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre a terapêutica trata-se de um aspecto que pode contribuir para uma adesão inadequada e que deve ser trabalhado pelos profissionais de saúde que atuam nos SAEs

Patologias atuais: a compulsão e a sociedade dos excessos: Current pathologies: compulsion and the society of excesses

O artigo em tela tem por objetivo analisar os aspectos biopsicossociais da conduta compulsiva de consumo. Propõe-se a apresentar os elementos psicológicos contidos nesse comportamento, além de verificar quais são os resultados decorrentes dessa compulsão. O consumo compulsivo, também chamado de oniomania, é um transtorno causado pela ansiedade despertada pela necessidade de comprar e saciada, somente, quando é materializada a aquisição daquilo que se deseja comprar. O estudo em questão pode ser classificado como sendo de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da análise de documentos publicados em forma de artigos científicos e livros em formato digital

Knowledge of people living with HIV/Aids about Antiretroviral Therapy

Con el objetivo de analizar los conocimientos de las personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA (PVVS) en la terapia antirretroviral (ART), se ha elaborado un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, en los servicios de asistencia especializada (SAE) de los municipios de Caruaru y Garanhuns-PE, Brasil. El estudio incluyó a 256 PVVS. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró que la mayoría de los entrevistados eran hombres; entre 30 y 49 años. Sólo 56 PVVS presentan escuela secundaria superior. Se observó que grupo de edad, religión, educación e ingresos familiares están significativamente asociados (p > 0.05) en el nivel de conocimiento acerca del ART. En cuanto a los conocimientos sobre la acción de medicamentos antiretrovirales, 27,7% no sabían o habían divulgado, erróneamente, que el medicamento actúa destruyendo el VIH. Con respecto a la indicación de la HAART, 82% respondió que está indicado para el control del virus. En cuanto a la duración del tratamiento, 12,5% informó que este dura hasta la normalidad en los resultados de la prueba. El conocimiento acerca de las precauciones con el uso de otras medicinas, 25% informó que puede hacer uso de las medicinas, sin tener en cuenta consejos médicos. Los efectos adversos gastrointestinales y psiquiátricos fueron los más conocidos (69.1% y Enfermería Global Nº 49 Enero 2018 Página 97 39.8%). Se concluye que el conocimiento acerca de la terapia es un aspecto que puede contribuir a una adherencia insuficiente y que debe ser trabajado por profesionales de la salud que trabajan en pequeñas empresas agrícolas.RESUMO: Com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) sobre a terapia antirretroviral (TARV), desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, nos Serviços de Assistência Especializada (SAE) dos municípios de Caruaru e Garanhuns-PE, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 256 PVHA. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e inferencial (testes: Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher; e de Verossimilhança). Verificou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados eram homens; entre 30 a 49 anos. Apenas 56 PVHA apresentaram ensino médio/superior. Percebeu-se que faixa etária, religião, escolaridade e renda familiar estão significativamente associadas (p>0,05) ao nível de conhecimento sobre TARV. Quanto ao conhecimento acerca da ação dos antirretrovirais, 27,7% não sabiam ou referiram, erroneamente, que a medicação age destruindo totalmente o HIV. A respeito da indicação da TARV, 82% responderam que é indicada para o controle do vírus no organismo. Quanto à duração do tratamento, 12,5% referiram que este dura até a normalidade nos resultados dos exames. Sobre conhecimento acerca das precauções com uso de outros medicamentos, 25% referiram que podem fazer uso de qualquer outro medicamento, independentemente da orientação médica. Os efeitos adversos gastrointestinais e psiquiátricos foram os mais conhecidos (69,1% e 39,8%). Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre a terapêutica trata-se de um aspecto que pode contribuir para uma adesão inadequada e que deve ser trabalhado pelos profissionais de saúde que atuam nos SAEs.ABSTRACT: In order to analyze the knowledge of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapyhttps://digitum.um.es/xmlui/bitstream/10201/56650/2/268361-1072481-1-PB.pdf (ART), a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach was carried out in the Specialized Care Services (SCS) in the municipalities of Caruaru and Garanhuns – PE, Brazil. A total of 256 PLWHA took part in the study. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics l. It was found that the majority of respondents were male; aged 30-49 years. Only 56 PLWHA had completed high school/higher education. It was noticed that age group, religion, education and family income are significantly associated (p>0.05) with the level of knowledge about ART. As to the knowledge on antiretroviral action, 27.7% did not know or erroneously responded that the medication acts completely destroying the HIV. Regarding the indication of ART, 82% said that it is indicated for the control of the virus. As to the duration of treatment, 12.5% mentioned that it lasts until the normal examination results are obtained. In relation to knowledge about the precautions with the use of other drugs, 25% said that they can make use of any medicine without medical advice. Gastrointestinal and psychiatric adverse effects were the most common (69.1% and 39.8%). We conclude that knowledge on therapy is an aspect that can contribute to poor adherence and that it represents an issue to be worked by health professionals working in the SCSs

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data