Analyzing capacitor-based reconfigurable antennas using graph models

This paper discusses reconfigurable antennas using variable capacitors or varactors to achieve reconfiguration. We propose graph models as tools to understand reconfigurable antenna topologies and their configurations. Guidelines are set to model this type of reconfigurable antennas using graphs and examples are studied to investigate their optimal performance

Measurement Of H-field On A Planar Antenna In The Near-field Region: A Practical Setup

This work presents H-Field simulation and experimental results in the near field region of a planar antenna operating at the 2.4 GHz band for WLAN applications. An RF probe and the microwave circuitry were designed and a measurement setup was assembled, without the need of usually sophisticated equipment employed in near-field measurements. Reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results is verified.Qian, Y., Deal, W.R., Kaneda, N., Itoh, T., Microstrip-fed quasi-yagi antenna with broadband characteristics (1998) Electronics Lett, 34 (23), pp. 2194-2196H. J. Song, M. E. Bialkowski, and P. Kabacik, Parameter study of a broadband uniplanar quasi-yagi antenna, 13th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, 01, 166-169, 2000Kretly, L.C., Capovilla, C.E., Analysis of radiation patterns and broad-band characteristics of a novel quasi-yagi antenna array for wireless communications (2003) IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, 3, pp. 440-443. , OctoberHarms, P.H., Maloney, J.G., Kesler, M.P., Kuster, E.J., Smith, G.S., A system for unobtrusive measurement of surface currents (2001) IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 49 (2), pp. 174-184. , FebruaryKanda, M., An electromagnetic near-field sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic-field measurements IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic CompatibilityKanda, M., Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements (1993) IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 41 (10), pp. 1349-1364. , OctoberHo, C.H., Fan, L., Chang, K., New uniplanar coplanar waveguide hybrid-ring couplers and magic-t's (1994) IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 42 (12), pp. 2440-2448. , Decembe

Novel Techniques To Improve The Gtem Chamber Performance By Applying Metamaterial Concepts On The Excitation Sector: The Apex Characterization

In this work it is presented the analysis and characterization of different types of metamaterial patterns, such as fractal cells, Jerusalem-Cross-Pair, SRR Split Ring Resonator and CSRR Complementary Split Ring Resonator printed on the septum of a GTEM chamber. The main goal is to improve the chamber overall performance and to optimize it in terms of frequency for the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of integrated circuits and electronic boards. Experimental results are compared to simulated ones showing the advantages of the tuned characteristic of the patterned septum in comparison to the conventional type. This technique appears as an option for the performance optimizations of compact GTEM chambers. © 2011 IEEE.Dhia, Ramdani, S.B.M., Sicard, E., Electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits (2006) Techniques for Low Emission and Susceptibility, , SpringerMontrose, M.I., Nakauchi, E.M., (2004) Testing for EMC Compliance, , Wiley Interscience, New YorkAraujo, H.X., Kretly, L.C., An em simulation and design a GTEM chamber for EMC pre-compliance tests on electronic board and ICs in 500 MHz - 18 GHz Range (2010) Momag 2010, , Vila Velha, Brazil, AugustIcheln, C., (1995) The Construction and Application of A GTEM Cell, , Master's Thesis, Hamburg - GermanyKonigstein, D., Hansen, D., A new family of TEM-cells with enlarged bandwidth and optimized working volume (1987) Proceedings of the 7 th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 127-130. , Zurich, MarchBose, J.C., On the rotation of plane of polarization of electric waves by a twisted structure (1898) Proc. Roy. Soc., 63, pp. 146-152Lindell, I.V., Sihvola, A.H., Kurkijarvi, J., Karl F. Lindman: The last Hertzian, and a Harbinger of electromagnetic chirality (1992) IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 34 (3), pp. 24-30Cui, T.J., Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Recent advances on the theory, experiments, and applications (2008) IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.Martynyuk, A.E., Lopez, J.I.M., Martynyuk, N.A., Spiraphase-type reflectarrays based on loaded ring slot resonators (2004) IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propag., 52, pp. 142-153Cui, T.J., Smith, D.V., Liu, R., (2010) Metamaterials:Theory, Design and Applications, , Springer, New YorkCapolino, F., (2009) Metamaterials Handbook: Applications of Metamaterials, , CRC PressCapolino, F., (2009) Metamaterials Handbook: Theory and Phenomena of Metamaterials, , CRC PressErentok, A., Luljak, P., Ziolkowski, R.W., Antenna performance near a volumetric metamaterial realization of an artificial magnetic conductor (2005) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 53, pp. 160-172Araujo, H.X., Kretly, L.C., The effect of metamaterial patterning to improve the septum GTEM chamber performance (2011) 29 th Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, , Marrakesh, Marc

The Use Of Metamaterial Technology To Improve A Gtem Chamber

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this work, metamaterial patterns are applied to a GTEM - Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic Chamber to improve and give flexibility to its frequency response. The main goal is to achieve a better frequency resonance regardless the dimensions of the original chamber. Therefore, a comparison between the CLL - Capacitively Loaded Loop and Fractal metamaterial technology for these purposes, is done. Experimental results are compared to the simulated ones. © 2013 IEEE.Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S),Sociedade Brasileira de Micro-Ondas e Optoeletrenica (SBMO),CNPq,CAPES,FAPERJConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Bose, J.C., On the rotation of plane of polarization of electric waves by a twisted structure (1898) Proc.Roy.Soc., 63, pp. 146-152Lindell, I.V., Sihvola, A.H., Kurkijarvi, J., Lindman, K.F., The last Hertzian, and a Harbinger of electromagnetic chirality (1992) IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag., 34 (3), pp. 24-30Cui, T.J., Smith, D.V., Liu, R., (2010) Metamaterials:Theory, Design and Applications, , Springer, New YorkAraujo, H.X., Kretly, L.C., The effect of metamaterial patterning to improve the septum gtem chamber performance (2011) 29th Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, , Marrakesh, MarchCui, T.J., Electromagnetic metamaterials: Recent advances on the theory, experiments, and applications (2008) IEEE Antennas Propag.Mag.Araujo, H.X., Kretly, L.C., An em simulation and design a gtem chamber for emc pre-compliance tests on electronic board and ics in 500 mhz-18 ghz range (2010) Momag 2010, , Vila Velha, Brazil, AugustRamdani, D.S.B.M., Sicard, E., Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits (2006) Techniques for Low Emission and Susceptibility, , SpringerKonigstein, D., Hansen, D., A new family of tem-cells with enlarged bandwidth and optimized working volume (1987) Proceedings of the 7th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 127-130. , Zurich, MarchErentok, A., Luljak, P., Ziolkowski, R.W., Antenna performance near a volumetric metamaterial realization of an artificial magnetic conductor (2005) IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat., 53, pp. 160-172Capolino, F., (2009) Metamaterials Handbook: Applications of Metamaterials, , CRC PressCapolino, F., (2009) Metamaterials Handbook: Theory and Phenomena of Metamaterials, , CRC Pres

Antenna Signature: A Qualitative Analysis Of Planar Antennas By Electromagnetic Scanning Using Tdr-time Domain Reflectometry

Microstrip lines are widely used in the design of planar structures for a number of reasons. One of the main applications is in the development of planar small antennas, i.e. when the device for accommodating the antenna has a restrict area. Each antenna or planar structure, in general, has an Electromagnetic Signature -EMS- that can be determined by scanning the structure appropriately. This work aim at presenting a qualitative method for the EMS determination of planar antennas using TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry - method.ELEKTRONIKA,Gdansk University of Technology,TESPOLCain, F.M., O'neil, G., Antenna designs for notebook computers: Pattern measurement and performance considerations (2012) 8th IEEE International Workshop on Performance and Management of Wireless and Mobile NetworksLiu, L., Wang, W., Shi, D., Gao, Y., Design and performance investigation of a 2.6 GHz dual-element MIMO antenna system for LTE terminal (2012) 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics (CEEM)Khaleghi, A., Azoulay, A., Bolomey, J., A dual band back coupled meanderline antenna for wireless lan applications (2005) Vehicular Technology Conferencem, pp. 226-229Chou, L.-C., Wong, K.-L., Kuo, C.-H., A small-size internal dualband metal-strip antenna for 2.4/5 ghz wlan operation in the laptop computer (2008) Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 1-4Kretly, L., Capovilla, C.E., Barbin, S., A novel antenna array based on quasi-yagi element for adaptive wireless system applications (2003) Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference 2003. IMOC 2003. Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, 1, pp. 307-311. , Sept Vol. 1McCabe, S., Scott, J., Impulse tdr and its application to measurement of antennas (2011) Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC), 2011 Asia-Pacific, pp. 658-661. , DecCataldo, A., Tarricone, L., Trotta, A., Attivissimo, F., Ursol, C., Time domain reflectometry technique for monitoring of liquid characteristics (2005) Antennas and Propagation Society International SymposiumFerrari, P., Flechet, B., Angenieux, G., Time domain characterization of lossy arbitrary characteristic impedance transmission lines (1994) Microwave and Guided Wave Letters IEEE, 4 (6), pp. 177-179Kwak, K.-S., Yoon, T.-S., Park, J.B., Load impedance measurement on a coaxial cable via time-frequency domain reflectometry (2006) SICEICASE 2006. International Joint Conference, pp. 1643-1646Okhowat, M., Fallahi, R., Measurements of antenna reflection coefficients in time domain (2006) Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory 2006 International Conference on, pp. 328-330Smith, P., Furse, C., Gunther, J., Analysis of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry for wire fault location (2005) Sensors Journal IEEE, 5 (6), pp. 1469-1478Cataldo, A., Monti, G., De Benedetto, E., Cannazza, G., Tarricone, L., Catarinucci, L., A comparative analysis of reflectometry methods for characterization of antennas (2008) Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings 2008. IMTC 2008, pp. 240-243. , IEEEMohanan, P., Microstrip and printed antennas: Contributions from crema in the last decade (2007) Applied Electromagnetics Conference 2007. AEMC 2007. IEEE, pp. 1-4. , De

Introduction To The Software-defined Radio Approach

Telecommunications have been in constant evolution during past decades. Among the technological innovations, the use of digital technologies is very relevant. Digital communication systems have proven their efficiency and brought a new element in the chain of signal transmitting and receiving, the digital processor. This device offers to new radio equipments the flexibility of a programmable system. Nowadays, the behavior of a communication system can be modified by simply changing its software. This gave rising to a new radio model called Software Defined Radio (or Software-Defined Radio - SDR). In this new model, one moves to the software the task to set radio behavior, leaving to hardware only the implementation of RF front-end. Thus, the radio is no longer static, defined by their circuits and becomes a dynamic element, which may change their operating characteristics, such as bandwidth, modulation, coding rate, even modified during runtime according to software configuration. This article aims to present the use of GNU Radio software, an open-source solution for SDR specific applications, as a tool for development configurable digital radio. © 2005 IEEE.10111561161The Wireless Innovation Forum, , http://www.wirelessinnovation.orgLackey, R.J., Upmal, D.W., Speakeasy: The military software radio (1995) IEEE Communications Magazine, , MayNguyen, M., (2003) Software Radio (R) Evolution and Its Application to Aeronautical Mobile Communications, pp. 19-22. , MayMitola, J., Software radios-survey, critical evaluation and future directions (1992) IEEE National Telesystems Conference, pp. 13/15-13/23. , MayMitola, J., Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal (1999) IEEE Personal Communications, , AugScaperoth, D., (2006) Cognitive Radio Platform Development for Interoperability Military Communications ConferenceCowling, S., Hands-on software defined radio (2008) Dayton Hamvention SDR ForumEttus, M., Universal Software Radio Peripheral, , http://www.ettus.comBlossom, E., How to Write A Signal Processing Block, , http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/howto-write-a-block.htmlBlossom, E., Exploring GNU Radio, , http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/exploring-gnuradio.htmlKaszuba, A., MIMO implementation with alamouti coding using USRP2 (2011) Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium ProceedingsThe OpenBTSProjet, , http://openbts.sourceforge.netSpill, D., BlueSniff: Eve meets alice and bluetooth (2007) WOOT '07 Proceedings of the First USENIX Workshop on Offensive TechnologiesPinomaa, A., Utilization of software-defined radio in power line communication between motor and frequency converter (2010) IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC)The FlexRadio, , http://www.flex-radio.com, FLEX-5000A™ Software Defined Radi

Photonic Crystal Waveguide Design: A Didactic Microwave Approach

The electromagnetic scale invariance rule was used to study photonic crystal waveguides in microwave frequencies. This pedagogical approach permits a hands-on experience for students and researchers on a complex subject, a kind of experimental implementation that usually demands sophisticated photonic fabrication resources. The microwave approach allows one to construct conceptually equivalent but hand-manipulable prototypes. Triangular photonic crystal waveguides, with and without bends, were designed and constructed, and measured and computer-simulated results were compared. © 2013 European Microwave Association.15831586APS,European Microwave Association (EuMA),IEEE Microwaves Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S)Joanopoulos, J.D., (2008) Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, , 2nd ed. New Jersey, USA: Princeton UniversityPrather, D.W., Photonic crystals (2009) Theory, Aplications and Fabrication, , New Jersey, USA: WileySkorobogatiy, M., Yang, J., (2009) Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Guiding, , New York, USACambridge UniversityViktorovitch, P., Physics of slow bloch modes and their applications (2008) Photonic Crystals: Physics and Technology, pp. 27-42. , In: C. Sibila et al. (Orgs). Milan, Italy: SpringerDe La Rue, R.M., De La Rue, S.A., Introduction to photonic crystals and photonic band-gaps (2008) Photonic Crystals: Physics and Technology, pp. 7-25. , C. Sibila et al. (Orgs). Milan, Italy: SpringerMalheiros-Silveira, G.N., Rodríguez-Esquerre, V.F., Hernández-Figueroa, H.E., Strategy of search and refinement by GA in 2- DPhotonic crystals with absolute PBG (2011) IEEE Journal of Quantum Eletronics, 47, pp. 431-438. , AprilAlmeida, A.F.L., Fechine, P.B.A., Graça, M.P.F., Valente, M.A., Sombra, A.S.B., Structural and electrical study of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) obtained in a new ceramic procedure (2009) Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 20 (2), pp. 163-170. , (Springe