Adversity and child development in South Africa: effects of socio-economic status and violence on functioning at age 4

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 19 February, 1996The social and political transformations currently under way in South Africa provide reasonable grounds for optimism about the future of this country and of most of its people. However the seeds of violence, social upheaval, and economic injustice planted and nurtured during the apartheid era continue to yield a bitter and abundant harvest. This enduring legacy of violence and poverty is endemic to the daily experiences of many African families(Ramphele) 1993). A purpose of this report is to review empirical data from an investigation of the development of South African children in order to determine whether socioeconomic status (marital status, educational status and access to material resources) and their concomitants (exposure to community and family violence) predict behavioral and emotional functioning. The central question to be addressed here can be stated as follows: By age 4 are the offspring of parents with limited access to material resources and who live in dangerous areas more likely to exhibit decrements or acquire competencies in behavioral and emotional domains than the offspring of their more advantaged counterparts

Social Risks and Psychological Adjustment: A Comparison of African American and South African Children

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Dedication

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Development of Boys and Young Men of Color: Implications of Developmental Science for My Brother's Keeper Initiative

This report describes the My Brother's Keeper Initiative. The report summarizes ideas gleaned from developmental science that may be useful in efforts to reach five of the six initiative's goals: school readiness; third-grade literacy; high school and college graduation; and reduction of violence. The authors discuss features of the initiative designed to promote more positive outcomes and highlight the contributions that developmental science may make to each. Policy recommendations are provided and a discussion about how developmental science may contribute to national dialogue and policy formation

The School Experiences of Children with Cancer: Views of Parents, Educators, Adolescents, and Physicians

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Implications of Families' Struggles with Childhood Cancer

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Dilemmas of Providing Help in a Crisis: The Role of Friends with Parents of Children with Cancer

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Economic Status, Community Danger and Psychological Problems Among South African Children

An extensive literature links community violence and poverty in the US to psychological difficulties in children. To test the cross-national generalizability of these relationships, 625 young, South African mothers residing in black townships with different levels of community danger and material hardship rated their 6-year-olds on emotional functioning and behavioral problems. Most mothers were African, employed and of low educational attainment. Community danger was confirmed as a risk factor for anxiety, depression, aggression, opposition and low affability in children. A composite measure of socioeconomic status as indexed by education and job status was unrelated to behavioral and emotional adjustment. However, children experiencing material hardship had fewer problems related to behavioral self-control than children in families with greater access to material resources

The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: II. The Role of Financial Hardship in Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease

Recent evidence on the negative psychological effects of poverty suggests that economic status alone might account for the adjustment problems attributed to sickle cell disease (SCD). The relationship of SCD and financial hardship to adjustment was examined in 327 ill children and their parents. SCD and hardship contributed independently to impaired child and parental functioning. For parents, illness severity had more negative effects than did financial hardship, but forPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66919/2/10.1177_0095798499025003003.pd

ADAPTACIONES DE UN PROGRAMA INTEGRADO DE FUERZA, POTENCIA Y PLIOMETRÍA DEL TREN INFERIOR DURANTE LA PRETEMPORADA EN JUGADORES DE FUTBOL AFICIONADOS

Los jugadores de futbol son individuos que durante el transcurso de un entrenamiento o de un partido tienen multitud de situaciones muy variadas y con repetición de gestos: cambios de ritmo, cambios de dirección, saltos, aceleraciones, desaceleraciones, diferentes tipos de desplazamientos, etc. En este programa se hizo una investigación en la que participaron dos grupos de individuos: Un Grupo Experimental que realizó los entrenamientos específicos de fuerza, potencia y pliometría y los entrenamientos de equipo (entrenamiento integrado) y un Grupo Control que solo ejecutó los entrenamientos en grupo. A través de tres test (salto horizontal, salida sprint de 5 y 15 metros, test de Barrow) se comprobó que grupo obtuvo mejores adaptaciones y mejoras. Estos test lo realizó toda la muestra antes de empezar el programa (Pre-test) y al finalizar el programa (Post-test). El programa de ejercicios específicos (14 sesiones) se desarrolló durante el mes de pretemporada del equipo (20 sesiones). El grupo experimental realizó dobles sesiones de entrenamiento tres días por semana y una única sesión dos días a la semana. El grupo control realizó una única sesión, cinco días a la semana. Las sesiones únicas fueron entrenamientos en grupo por las tardes. Las dobles sesiones fueron entrenamientos específicos de fuerza, potencia y pliometría, por la mañana, y entrenamiento en grupo por la tarde