Adversity and child development in South Africa: effects of socio-economic status and violence on functioning at age 4

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 19 February, 1996The social and political transformations currently under way in South Africa provide reasonable grounds for optimism about the future of this country and of most of its people. However the seeds of violence, social upheaval, and economic injustice planted and nurtured during the apartheid era continue to yield a bitter and abundant harvest. This enduring legacy of violence and poverty is endemic to the daily experiences of many African families(Ramphele) 1993). A purpose of this report is to review empirical data from an investigation of the development of South African children in order to determine whether socioeconomic status (marital status, educational status and access to material resources) and their concomitants (exposure to community and family violence) predict behavioral and emotional functioning. The central question to be addressed here can be stated as follows: By age 4 are the offspring of parents with limited access to material resources and who live in dangerous areas more likely to exhibit decrements or acquire competencies in behavioral and emotional domains than the offspring of their more advantaged counterparts

Social Risks and Psychological Adjustment: A Comparison of African American and South African Children

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Development of Boys and Young Men of Color: Implications of Developmental Science for My Brother's Keeper Initiative

This report describes the My Brother's Keeper Initiative. The report summarizes ideas gleaned from developmental science that may be useful in efforts to reach five of the six initiative's goals: school readiness; third-grade literacy; high school and college graduation; and reduction of violence. The authors discuss features of the initiative designed to promote more positive outcomes and highlight the contributions that developmental science may make to each. Policy recommendations are provided and a discussion about how developmental science may contribute to national dialogue and policy formation

The School Experiences of Children with Cancer: Views of Parents, Educators, Adolescents, and Physicians

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Dedication

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Implications of Families' Struggles with Childhood Cancer

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Dilemmas of Providing Help in a Crisis: The Role of Friends with Parents of Children with Cancer

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Hidden nonlinear supersymmetries in pure parabosonic systems

The existence of intimate relation between generalized statistics and supersymmetry is established by observation of hidden supersymmetric structure in pure parabosonic systems. This structure is characterized generally by a nonlinear superalgebra. The nonlinear supersymmetry of parabosonic systems may be realized, in turn, by modifying appropriately the usual supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The relation of nonlinear parabosonic supersymmetry to the Calogero-like models with exchange interaction and to the spin chain models with inverse-square interaction is pointed out.Comment: 20 pages, one reference corrected, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Phase transitions between single- and double-layered smectic structures in binary mixtures of cyano-mesogens

Binary mixtures of mesogens which exhibit respectively single-layered (A 1), double layered (A2) and partially double layered (A d) smectic phases show abrupt A2-A1 or A2-Ad transitions as a function of concentration. Double layered structures imply the formation of dimerized entities and the possibility of dimerization is discussed in terms of the amphiphilic nature of the molecules in the binary mixture (symmetrical and dissymmetrical polar mesogens). The results are analysed with respect to the thermal stability of the A 2 phase when defects are introduced in the polar interface by adding non-polar symmetrical mesogens.Des mélanges binaires de mésogènes présentant respectivement des phases smectiques monocouches (A1), bicouches (A2) et partiellement bicouches (Ad) permettent de mettre en évidence en fonction de la concentration des transitions brusques A2-A1 ou A 2-Ad. La structure bicouche implique un processus de dimérisation des entités mésogènes qui est discuté en fonction du caractère amphipathique des molécules (molécules polaires symétriques et dissymétriques). La stabilité de la phase bicouche est également analysée lorsque l'on introduit une perturbation au niveau de l'interface polaire par adjonction de molécules non polaires

The Social and Cultural Context of Coping with Sickle Cell Disease: II. The Role of Financial Hardship in Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease

Recent evidence on the negative psychological effects of poverty suggests that economic status alone might account for the adjustment problems attributed to sickle cell disease (SCD). The relationship of SCD and financial hardship to adjustment was examined in 327 ill children and their parents. SCD and hardship contributed independently to impaired child and parental functioning. For parents, illness severity had more negative effects than did financial hardship, but forPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66919/2/10.1177_0095798499025003003.pd