Properties of poly(acrylic acid)/modified starch compositions applied as a new polymeric binders

Zbadano stabilność wybranych właściwości fizykochemicznych nowych, ekologicznych spoiw polimerowych w postaci wodorozcieńczalnych kompozycji poli(kwas akrylowy)/sól sodowa karboksymetyloskrobi (PAA/CMS-Na). Wodną kompozycję PAA/CMS-Na przechowywano w zamkniętych naczyniach w temp. 10 °C. Podczas trzymiesięcznego przechowywania badano zmiany zabarwienia, lepkości, kąta zwilżania szkła kwarcowego, struktury oraz rozkładu wymiarów cząstek spoiwa i na tej podstawie dokonano wstępnej oceny stabilności kompozycji. Sporządzono i utwardzono masy formierskie z udziałem wodnej kompozycji PAA/CMS-Na i określono ich wytrzymałość na zginanie. Stwierdzono, że w założonym czasie przechowywania, w warunkach zbliżonych do panujących w odlewni, nowe spoiwo nie traci właściwości wiążących ziarna piasku osnowy w masie formierskiej.The selected physicochemical properties of water-thinnable poly(acrylic acid)/sodiumsalt of carboxymethyl starch (PAA/CMS-Na) compositions — new environmentally friendly polymer binding agents — were investigated as a function of time. The aqueous composition PAA/CMS-Na was stored in closed vessels in a cooling chamber at 10 °C. During the three-month storage period the changes of coloration, viscosity, wetting angle on quartz glass, structure and size distribution of the binding agent particles were studied. On this basis, the stability of the binder properties was preliminarily evaluated. Additionally, the moulding sands containing an aqueous composition PAA/CMS-Naas a binder (stored for a week or three months) were prepared, hardened and subjected to the bending strength tests. It was found, that after three months of storage under conditions resembling those found in a foundry the new binder did not lose its properties as a binding agent for the moulding sand

Correlation between the Chemical Structure of (Meth)Acrylic Monomers and the Properties of Powder Clear Coatings Based on the Polyacrylate Resins

This paper presents studies on the influence of the chemical structure of (meth)acrylic monomers on the properties of powder coatings based on polyacrylate resins. For this purpose, a wide range of monomers were selected—2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl acrylate (nBA), tert-butyl acrylate (tBA), dodecyl acrylate (DA), ethyl acrylate (EA) and benzyl acrylate (BAZ)—for the synthesis of the polyacrylate resin. The average molecular mass and molecular mass distribution of the synthesized resins were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of polyacrylate resins were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a Brookfield viscometer. These parameters were necessary to obtain information about storage stability and behavior during the application of powder clear coatings. Additionally, DSC was also used to checked the course of the low-temperature curing reaction between the hydroxyl group contained in the polyacrylate resin and the blocked polyisocyanate group derived from a commercial agent such as Vestanat B 1358/100. The properties of the cured powder clear coatings were tested, such as: roughness, gloss, adhesion to the steel surface, hardness, cupping, scratch resistance, impact resistance and water contact angle. The best powder clear coating based on the polyacrylate resin L_HEMA/6MMA/0.5nBA/0.5DA was characterized as having good scratch resistance (550 g) and adhesion to the steel surface, a high water contact angle (93.53 deg.) and excellent cupping (13.38 mm). Moreover, its crosslinking density (CD) and its thermal stability was checked by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

Preparation and Characterization of Duplex PEO/UV-Curable Powder Coating on AZ91 Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium alloys, because of their excellent strength-to-weight ratio, are increasingly used in many industries. When used in external elements, the key factor is to provide adequate anticorrosion protection. High-temperature, cured-powder coatings are widely used to protect most metals, but their use on magnesium alloys is difficult as a result of the instability of the magnesium substrate at elevated temperatures. Another problem is ensuring the proper adhesion of the organic coating to the magnesium substrate. This paper presents the procedure for the synthesis of a duplex coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy. The topcoat was a powder coating based on acrylic resin, the main ingredient of which was glycidyl methacrylate. Because of the presence of epoxy groups, the coating was cured using ultraviolet (UV) radiation (low-temperature technology). The conversion subcoating was produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline silicate electrolyte. The synthesized coating system was tested, among others, for microscopic (SEM), adhesive (mesh of cuts), and anticorrosion (EIS). The duplex PEO/UV-curable powder coating showed very good adhesion to the metal and increased the anticorrosion properties of the magnesium substrate, compared to the powder coating produced directly on the magnesium alloy and on an alternative conversion coating (synthesized in the process of chemical zircon phosphating)

UV-cured powder transparent coatings based on oligo(meth)acrylic resins

Polyacrylic resins containing glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) in various molar ratios were obtained. Triaryl sulfonium hexafluorophosphate was used as aphotoinitiator and reacted with the epoxy groups of GMA. The relationship between the chemical structure of polyacrylic resins and the parameters of the UV curing reaction and the func-tional properties of powder coatings was investigated. The appearance and mechanical properties of the coatings were determined based on thickness, gloss, roughness, deformability, scratch resistance, adhesion to steel, hardness, and water contact angle. DMA was used to assess the cross-link density. Powder coatings with good physical and mechanical properties and curing time of 70 s were obtained

Self-Healing Thermal-Reversible Low-Temperature Polyurethane Powder Coating Based on Diels–Alder Reaction

This work focused on obtaining a low-temperature powder coating characterized by self-healing properties. To achieve this, acrylic resin, blocked polyisocyanates (bPICs) with 1,2,4-triazole, and unsaturated commercial resin were used. The synthesis of bPICs with triazole enabled the low-temperature curing and reversible Diels–Alder (DA) reaction at 160 °C. The chemical structure of bPICs was confirmed using 1H-NMR. The occurrence of the DA and retro-DA (rDA) reactions in the crosslinked polymer, at temperatures of 60–85 °C and 90–130 °C, respectively, was confirmed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The self-healing properties of the powder coating were examined using polarized optical microscopy. Additionally, the occurrence of the DA and rDA reactions between triazole and unsaturated polyester resin was investigated through repeated self-healing tests

Synteza i charakterystyka jednoskładnikowych klejów poliuretanowych na osnowie polieterodiolu Rokopol® D2002

One-part, moisture curing polyurethane (PUR) adhesives based on poly(oxypropylene)diol Rokopol® and 4,4’-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate (MDI) modified with di-isononyl phthalate and a number of inorganic fillers and additives such as carbon black, thixotropic agent, dispersants and dibutyltin dilaurate as curing catalyst were developed. Adhesive curing was followed using dynamic oscillation rheometry and effect of some components on viscoelastic properties of curing materials was discussed. The cured materials were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and water contact angle measurements. The adhesive performance of obtained materials in bonding aluminum was evaluated by tensile shear bond strength tests.Opracowano jednoskładnikowe kleje na osnowie diizocyjanianu 4,4’-metylenodifenylu (MDI) i polioksypropylenodiolu z środkami pomocniczymi (ftalanem diizononylu jako plastyfikatorem, napełniaczami: talkiem, haloizytem, modyfikowanym bentonitem; dyspergatorami, sadzą pigmentową i katalizatorem utwardzania – dilaurynianem dibutylocyny). Proces sieciowania analizowano za pomocą reometru z dynamiczną oscylacją. Metodą różnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej wyznaczano temperaturę zeszklenia, ponadto określano kąt zwilżania i właściwości adhezyjne otrzymanych materiałów przeznaczonych do łączenia spoin Al/Al

Hexakis[p-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene as an Environmentally Friendly Modifier for Polyurethane Powder Coatings with Increased Thermal Stability and Corrosion Resistance

Protection against fire and the corrosion of metals is necessary to ensure human safety. Most of the fire and corrosion inhibitors do not meet the ecological requirements. Therefore, effective and ecological methods of protecting metals are currently a challenge for researchers. In this work, the influence of hexakis(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (HHPCP) on the characteristics of powder coatings was examined. The coatings’ properties were investigated by measuring the roughness, hardness, adhesion to the steel surface, cupping, gloss, scratch resistance, and water contact angle. The thermal stability was studied by furnace test and TGA analysis. The corrosion resistance test was carried out in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The distribution of phosphazene-derived segments in the coating was examined by GD-EOS analysis. Modified coatings show better corrosion and thermal resistance and can be used for the protection of the steel surface. Their better corrosion resistance is due to the electroactive properties of the phosphazene ring and its higher concentration at the coating surface, confirmed by GD-EOS analysis. The increase in thermal resistance is due to the effect of the formation of phosphoric metaphosphoric and polyphosphoric acids during the decomposition of HHCPC, which remain in the condensed char phase and play a crucial role in surface protection

Poliuretany z segmentami oligowęglanowymi jako atrakcyjne materiały do produkcji klejów, spoiw i uszczelniaczy

In the last few years, a very wide range of oligocarbonate diols, oligomers of carbonic acid esters terminated on both sides with hydroxyl groups, have appeared on the chemical market. They are mainly used for the production of flexible segments in precious grades of polyurethanes used in biomedical engineering. Poly(carbonate-urethane) due to high resistance to oxidizing and hydrolytic agents is also an attractive material for the production of adhesives and coatings with increased resistance to weather conditions. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the methods of synthesis and main producers of oligomerols with carbonate groups, methods of poly(carbonate-urethane) synthesis and examples of its commercial applications.W ostatnich latach na rynku chemicznym pojawiła się bardzo bogata gama oligowęglanodioli, czyli oligomerycznych estrów kwasu węglowego, zakończonych z obu stron grupami hydroksylowymi. Są one wykorzystywane głównie do wytwarzania segmentów elastycznych w szlachetnych gatunkach poliuretanów stosowanych w inżynierii biomedycznej. Poli(węglano-uretany), dzięki dużej odporności na czynniki utleniające i hydrolityczne, stanowią także atrakcyjny materiał do produkcji klejów i powłok, trwałych w różnych warunkach atmosferycznych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczący metod otrzymywania i głównych producentów oligomeroli z segmentami oligowęglanowymi, metod syntezy poliuretanów zawierających te segmenty oraz przykłady komercyjnych zastosowań poli(węglano-uretanów)