Organic farming and measures for European agricultural policy

This book analyses the impact of the Agenda 2000 reform on the Common Agricultural Policy on organic farming - as one of the most established examples of environmentally freindly farming systems. The authors provide comparative assessments of the impact of first and second pillar measures on conventional and organic farms, analysing the impacts of direct payments, price support measures (agri-environmental measures, investment support, processing and marketing measures, training measures and Less Favoured Area support) for a range of countries and farm types. Finally, an outlook of possible effects of the CAP Reform 2003 on organic farming systems and recommendations on how to maximise the positive effects of agricultural policy on organic farming are given. This book provides policy makers, the private sector, researchers and students in the field of general and organic agricultural policy with the most comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of support for organic farms in the EU within the Agenda 2000 framework

Wirkung der Maßnahmen der Bundesregierung innerhalb der Zielarchitektur zum Umbau der Energieversorgung

Um die weitere Entwicklung der Energiewende zu gestalten, wurde mit dem Ersten Fortschrittsbericht zur Energiewende eine Strukturierung der verschiedenen Energiewendeziele nach Sektoren und Kategorien vorgenommen und in eine Hierarchie nach Strategie- und Steuerungsebene gebracht. Diese Strukturierung der Ziele wird in dieser Studie (und auch darüber hinaus) als Zielarchitektur bezeichnet. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Wirkungen der Instrumente innerhalb der Zielarchitektur und ihr Zusammenspiel zur Erreichung der energiepolitischen Ziele analysiert. Auf Basis der erzielten Ergebnisse wird die Zielarchitektur im Hinblick auf die Erreichung der energie- und klimapolitischen Ziele sowie einer weiteren Optimierung der Energiewende hin untersucht. Dabei sollen insbesondere anhand der beiden Leitkriterien Kosteneffizienz und Systemintegration mögliche Korridore für Steuerungsziele wie auch Flexibilisierungsoptionen der Ziele identifiziert werden

Western Star, 1910-08-31

The Western Star began publication on Newfoundland's west coast on 4 April 1900, appearing weekly with brief semiweekly periods up to 1952, when it became a daily. As of 17 April 2019 it continues as a free weekly community paper

EVI1 as a Marker for Lymph Node Metastasis in HNSCC

Background: HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer in humans and has still a very poor prognosis. The treatment methods so far are very often associated with mutilation and impairment in the quality of life. Except for p16 expression, there are no reliable prognostic markers in HNSCC so far. Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 (EVI1) is a well-described prognostic marker in leukemia and different types of solid cancers. In these, a high EVI1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis. In HNSCC, it is not known so far if EVI1 has any prognostic relevance. Materials and Methods: We used our representative tissue cohort of 389 primary HNSCCs, of which 57.2% had one or more lymph node metastases. Here EVI1 expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry and correlated with the clinical characteristics of these patients. Results: Although in HNSCC EVI1 expression does not predict poor survival, a high EVI1 expression in the primary tumor correlates with a lymph node metastatic disease. Conclusion: Consequently, EVI1 may serve as a biomarker to predict an occult lymph node metastasis in a clinical nodal negative (cN0) HNSCC

CDK19 as a Potential HPV-Independent Biomarker for Recurrent Disease in HNSCC

The Mediator complex is a central integrator of transcription and a hub for the regulation of gene expression. Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 19 and its paralog CDK8 are part of its kinase domain and contribute to cancer progression in different cancer entities. STAT1 is an important immune modulator and a downstream substrate of CDK8/CDK19 mediated phosphorylation. So far, little is known about CDK19's role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression, its link to STAT1 activity, and related immune modulation. Immunohistochemistry for CDK19, activated pSTAT1, and PD-L1, known to be affected by STAT1, was conducted on samples of 130 primary tumors, 71 local recurrences, 32 lymph node metastases, and 25 distant metastases of HNSCC. Compared to primary tumors, CDK19 is overexpressed in local recurrences and distant metastases as well as in primary tumors that developed local recurrence after initial therapy. Patients with high-CDK19-expressing primary tumors have a significantly shorter disease-free survival. CDK19 expression correlates with pSTAT1 expression in primary tumors associated with recurrent disease, local recurrent tumors, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases. pSTAT1 expression correlates with PD-L1 expression in recurrent tumors. Our findings identify CDK19 as a potential biomarker in HNSCC to predict recurrent disease and support recent developments to target CDK19 and its paralog CDK8 in advanced cancer

Label-free detection of neuronal differentiation in cell populations using high-throughput live-cell imaging of PC12 cells.

<p>Detection of neuronal cell differentiation is essential to study cell fate decisions under various stimuli and/or environmental conditions. Many tools exist that quantify differentiation by neurite length measurements of single cells. However, quantification of differentiation in whole cell populations remains elusive so far. Because such populations can consist of both proliferating and differentiating cells, the task to assess the overall differentiation status is not trivial and requires a high-throughput, fully automated approach to analyze sufficient data for a statistically significant discrimination to determine cell differentiation. We address the problem of detecting differentiation in a mixed population of proliferating and differentiating cells over time by supervised classification. Using nerve growth factor induced differentiation of PC12 cells, we monitor the changes in cell morphology over 6 days by phase-contrast live-cell imaging. For general applicability, the classification procedure starts out with many features to identify those that maximize discrimination of differentiated and undifferentiated cells and to eliminate features sensitive to systematic measurement artifacts. The resulting image analysis determines the optimal post treatment day for training and achieves a near perfect classification of differentiation, which we confirmed in technically and biologically independent as well as differently designed experiments. Our approach allows to monitor neuronal cell populations repeatedly over days without any interference. It requires only an initial calibration and training step and is thereafter capable to discriminate further experiments. In conclusion, this enables long-term, large-scale studies of cell populations with minimized costs and efforts for detecting effects of external manipulation of neuronal cell differentiation.</p

Proliferation kinetics.

<p>Slopes of the linear regression lines for proliferation, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056690#pone-0056690-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p