4 research outputs found
Additional file 1: of Annual incidence rates of herpes zoster among an immunocompetent population in the United States
Incidence of Herpes Zoster among Immunocompetent Adults by Age and Gender. This table contains the full set of incidence rates by age and by gender with confidence intervals. Please view this file as landscape. (DOC 45 kb
Rural Alaska Water Treatment and Distribution Systems Incur High Energy Costs: Identifying Energy Drivers Using Panel Data Analysis for 78 Communities
The energy consumption for water treatment and distribution
in
rural Alaska communities that represent one of the coldest and most
isolated regions in the US has been unexplored. Using energy audits
data from Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC), we investigate
the annual energy consumption patterns for water treatment and distribution
in 78 rural Alaska communities (average population < 500 people)
along with seasonal, regional, and population impacts, and water treatment/distribution
system types. Regional trends of per capita annual energy consumption
are as follows: Interior > Northern > Southwest > Gulf coast
> Southeast
regions of Alaska. Our results indicate that the per capita energy
consumption is highest during the winter and lowest during the summer.
Generally, the per capita energy consumption decreases with an increasing
population. The variation of per capita energy consumption based on
water distribution types shows that piped circulating systems consume
the most energy, followed by washeteria, piped pressure, and closed
haul. At the water treatment plant, space heating and electrical motors
have the highest per capita energy consumption, followed by domestic
hot water, tank heating, and lighting. The findings in this work suggest
that per capita energy consumption (kWh/p) for water treatment and
distribution in rural Alaska is about 12–26 times higher than
the national average and about two orders of magnitude higher economic
costs for the same. Overall, this work sheds light on energy use for
water treatment and distribution in rural Alaska and establishes a
baseline that would be useful for the rural Alaska communities’
adaptation to climate change efforts, specifically in planning for
and designing new water systems or updating existing systems
Differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between nicotine dependent (NDs; n = 80) and control subjects (Controls; n = 80) shown in all subjects and separately by sex (NDs, n = 41 male; Controls, n = 41 male).
<p>Representative MRI sagittal, axial, and coronal brain slices analyzed in SPM8 and overlain on the Montreal Neurological Institute brain. Slice shown is centered within the thalamus (x, y, z; 0, −16, 0). Hot colors represent regions of greater GMV, while cool colors represent regions of less GMV in NDs compared to Controls. T values range from 4.42 to 8.06, significant in whole brain analysis at <i>p</i><0.001, and FWE cluster-corrected <i>p</i><0.025. Images are displayed neurologically. An interactive visual display of all brain data in all three planes can be found at <a href="http://franklinbrainimaging.com" target="_blank">http://franklinbrainimaging.com</a> (Available upon publication).</p
Clusters of gray matter volume differences between NDs and Controls.
<p>All clusters are significant in whole brain analysis at <i>p</i><0.001, and FWE cluster-corrected <i>p</i><0.025.</p><p>Coordinates listed are in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. L, left; R, right.</p>a<p>extended from within the thalamic cluster.</p>b<p>extended from within the left parahippocampal cluster.</p