Locked Out: Keys to Homeownership Elude Many Working Families with Children

According to the latest Census statistics, nearly 70 percent of Americans now own their homes-the highest homeownership rate on record. However, a closer look at the numbers over the last 25 years suggests that homeownership rates among Working Families with Children were actually lower in 2003 than they were in 1978 and that the share of America's children living in owner-occupied units has also declined.This report looks at the trends in home ownership for working families with children and suggests policies to increase the supply of affordable housing

A Heavy Load: The Combined Housing and Transportation Burdens of Working Families

Among other innovations, this study presents, for the first time, the combined housing and transportation cost burdens of working families in 28 metropolitan areas at the neighborhood level. It also provides an overview of where working families live in each of the 28 areas and how their location decisions affect their commute times and costs.The study provides a particularly detailed look at 10 metropolitan areas-Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas-Ft.Worth, Denver, Greater Los Angeles, New York City, Pittsburgh, Portland, the San Francisco Bay Area, and Washington D.C.-Baltimore. Detailed information on these and the other 18 metropolitan areas studied is available at: http://www.nhc.org/index/heavyload

Something's Gotta Give: Working Families and the Cost of Housing

For more than five years, the Center for Housing Policy has tracked the growing number of working families in America paying at least half of their income for housing. These families defy stereotypes. Over half are homeowners. Suburbanites outnumber city residents. They include teachers, police officers, and firefighters, as well as service workers. And while housing affordability problems are greatest in the Northeast and the West, they are growing fastest in the South and Midwest. What's more, we may be underestimating the extent of the problem. Housing is usually the largest and least flexible item in the family budget. How do working families that pay an excessive portion of their expenditures on housing cope? Do they cut back on food,healthcare, and other necessities? Run up a mountain of debt? Spend long hours commuting to work? And what does this all mean for the quality of life of these families, especially their children

Housing Landscape for America's Working Families: 2007

Working a full-time job does not guarantee a family a decent, affordable place to live-a problem the Center for Housing Policy has been tracking for the past eight years. Using the most recent American Housing Survey (2005), this report updates national trends in the number of working families paying more than half of their income for housing and/or living in dilapidated conditions. A new feature in this edition is a close-up look at 31 metropolitan areas and changes in their critical housing needs from the mid 1990s to the early 2000s

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research

The Consensus Coding Sequence (Ccds) Project: Identifying a Common Protein-Coding Gene Set for the Human and Mouse Genomes

Effective use of the human and mouse genomes requires reliable identification of genes and their products. Although multiple public resources provide annotation, different methods are used that can result in similar but not identical representation of genes, transcripts, and proteins. The collaborative consensus coding sequence (CCDS) project tracks identical protein annotations on the reference mouse and human genomes with a stable identifier (CCDS ID), and ensures that they are consistently represented on the NCBI, Ensembl, and UCSC Genome Browsers. Importantly, the project coordinates on manually reviewing inconsistent protein annotations between sites, as well as annotations for which new evidence suggests a revision is needed, to progressively converge on a complete protein-coding set for the human and mouse reference genomes, while maintaining a high standard of reliability and biological accuracy. To date, the project has identified 20,159 human and 17,707 mouse consensus coding regions from 17,052 human and 16,893 mouse genes. Three evaluation methods indicate that the entries in the CCDS set are highly likely to represent real proteins, more so than annotations from contributing groups not included in CCDS. The CCDS database thus centralizes the function of identifying well-supported, identically-annotated, protein-coding regions.National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (Grant number 1U54HG004555-01)Wellcome Trust (London, England) (Grant number WT062023)Wellcome Trust (London, England) (Grant number WT077198

State and local initiatives on productivity, technology, and innovation : enhancing a national resource for international competitiveness

The ACIR Library is composed of publications that study the interactions between different levels of government. This document addresses state and local initiatives on productivity, technology, and innovation