Conhecimento e prática da higienização das mãos no início e um ano após a pandemia COVID-19 na Argentina

Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento, la práctica de higiene de manos y de otras medidas higiénico-sanitarias que aplican las personas, al comienzo y a un año de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Argentina. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se realizó una encuesta en línea a población adulta, durante dos períodos: mayo-2020 y mayo-2021. Resultados: se analizaron 2507 encuestas. Solo el 24,7% (primer período) y 23,8% (segundo período), cumplieron con el tiempo recomendado para un lavado de manos efectivo. En ambos períodos, más del 50% lava sus manos a veces/nunca después de sonarse la nariz, tocarse la cara y objetos. Existe asociación entre el correcto lavado de manos y la edad, y entre el correcto lavado de manos y ser o no integrante del equipo de salud, en ambos periodos. Conclusión: las personas se higienizan las manos, sin embargo la mayoría incumple con el tiempo y frecuencia recomendada.Objective: to analyze the knowledge, the practice of hand hygiene and other hygienic-sanitary measures that people apply, at the beginning and one year after the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. Material and methods: descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. An online survey of the adult population was conducted during two periods: May-2020 and May-2021. Results: 2507 surveys were analyzed. Only 24.7% (first period) and 23.8% (second period) complied with the recommended time for effective hand washing. In both periods, more than 50% wash their hands sometimes/never after blowing their nose, touching their faces and objects. There is an association between correct hand washing and age, and between correct hand washing and being or not a member of the health team, in both periods. Conclusion: people sanitize their hands, however the majority fail to comply with the recommended time and frequency.Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento, a prática da higiene das mãos e outras medidas higiênico-sanitárias que as pessoas aplicam, no início e um ano após a pandemia de COVID-19 na Argentina. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal. Foi realizado um inquérito online à população adulta durante dois períodos: maio-2020 e maio-2021. Resultados: Foram analisados ​​2.507 inquéritos. Apenas 24,7% (primeiro período) e 23,8% (segundo período) cumpriram o tempo recomendado para a lavagem eficaz das mãos. Em ambos os períodos, mais de 50% lavam as mãos algumas vezes/nunca após assoar o nariz, tocar o rosto e objetos. Existe associação entre lavagem correta das mãos e idade, e entre lavagem correta das mãos e ser ou não membro da equipe de saúde, em ambos os períodos. Conclusão: as pessoas higienizam as mãos, porém a maioria descumpre o tempo e frequência recomendados.Fil: Oberto, María Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Coluccini, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Baraquet, María Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Roberto José. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentin

Microbiological Status and Quality Traits of Ready-to-Eat Minimally Processed Vegetables Sold in Córdoba, Argentina

Background: The changes and the availability of processed foods have increased the demand for ready-to-eat foods, such as Minimally Processed Vegetables (MPVs). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the microbiological status and quality traits of the MPVs obtained from retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina. Methods: Totally, 60 MPVs of 12 brands (30 single-ingredient salads and 30 mixed salad trays) were randomly sampled from different retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina. The samples were analyzed according to international standards for Total Coliforms (TC), Fecal Coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Yeast and Molds (YM). The quality traits (respect to physical and sensory properties) of the MPVs were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with InfoStat. Results: All 60 MPV samples were positive for TC, ranging from 1.32 to 3.38 log Most Probable Number (MPN)/g. FC counts ranged from 0.30 to 1.95 log MPN/g. Out of 60 samples, 15 (25%) were positive for E. coli. Three brands of mixed trays were positive for S. aureus. Regarding sensory characteristics, the parameters such as freshness, turgid, normal color, decay, and dehydration were compliance in 42 out of 60 (70%) samples. Conclusion: Some MPVs sampled from Córdoba, Argentina showed low microbiological quality and imperfect quality traits.Fil: Baraquet, María Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Camiletti, Ornella Francina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Moretti, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Lourdes Emilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Vázquez, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Oberto, María Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentin

Conocimiento, medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de responsabilidad social frente al Covid-19 del estudiantado universitario de Córdoba, Argentina

Con la pandemia de Covid-19 aún vigente, es necesario continuar con las medidas preventivas con el fin de proteger la salud pública de la población. El objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre conocimiento, medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de responsabilidad social frente a la prevención del Covid-19del estudiantado universitario de carreras afines y no afines a las ciencias de la salud. Se diseñó, en línea, un cuestionario autoadministrado con 34 preguntas de opción múltiple. Participaron 1813 estudiantes universitarios, de universidades públicas y privadas de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el periodo octubre-diciembre de 2021. Se utilizó el test Chi-cuadrado para analizar las asociaciones bivariadas entre tipo de carrera universitaria y conocimiento o accionar frente a la prevención de la enfermedad. Se aplicó el coeficiente de Pearson para analizar la correlación entre las puntuaciones de conocimiento y accionar frente a la prevención con un nivel de significación de p<0,05. El 91,1% de los encuestados posee mayor conocimiento y 16,9% mayor accionar en la aplicación de medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de responsabilidad social. Se observó asociación entre tipo de carrera universitaria y conocimiento (p<0,0001), entre tipo de carrera universitaria y accionar (p=0,006) y correlación positiva entre las puntuaciones de conocimiento y accionar frente a la prevención del Covid-19 (r=0,32; p<0,0001). Se concluye que la mayoría del estudiantado de carreras afines y no afines a las ciencias de la salud tiene conocimiento sobre el Covid-19, sin embargo, es bajo el porcentaje de personas que aplican las medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de responsabilidad social.With the Covid-19 pandemic still in force, it is necessary to continue with preventive measures in order to protect the public health of the population. The objective was to analyze the association between knowledge, hygienic-sanitary measures and social responsibility regarding the prevention of Covid-19 of university students of related and non-related careers to health sciences. A self-administered questionnaire with 34 multiple-choice questions was designed online. 1813 university students from public and private universities in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, participated in the period october-december 2021. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the bivariate associations between type of university degree and knowledge or action against disease prevention. Pearson's coefficient was applied to analyze the correlation between knowledge scores and action against prevention with a significance level of p<0.05. 91.1% of those surveyed have greater knowledge and 16.9% greater action in the application of hygienic-sanitary and social responsibility measures. An association was observed between the type of university degree and knowledge (p<0.0001), between the type of university degree and action (p=0.006) and a positive correlation between the knowledge scores and action against the prevention of Covid-19 (r =0.32, p<0.0001). It is concluded that the majority of students in related careers and those not related to health sciences have knowledge about Covid-19, however the percentage of people who apply hygienic-sanitary and social responsibility measures is low

Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and heart rate variability

Background: To assess the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SEDT) with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise recovery (HRR) controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and potential confounders. Design and methods: The following data was collected from 44 participants during 2019 (age = 49.5 ± 6.4 years, 66% women): Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines (IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23); catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities; resting heart (HR) rate for HRV analysis, anthropometric measures, a submaximal cycling test to evaluate CRF with active recovery to assess and HRR (absolute and ΔHR), and 7-day accelerometry. Results: Women spent significantly more SEDT (p = 0.035), had higher inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF) and lower HRV indices [SDNN, LF/HF, SD2 (p > 0.05)]. Significant associations were found between SEDT and markers of inflammation [CRP, B = 0.006, p = 0.001; MCP-1, B = 0.003, p = 0.038]. HRV indices were significantly associated with inflammatory/oxidative stress markers [IL-10 (p = 0.04), GPX (p = 0.014), ln-IL 23 (p = 0.036), CAT (p = 0.026)] while HRR was positively associated with light PA [Δ3 (B = 0.051, p = 0.043), Δ4 (B = 0.062, p = 0.021)] and inversely related to catalase [Δ3 (B = −54.7, p = 0.042), Δ4 (B = −54.1, p = 0.021] and CRP [Δ5 (B = −19.8, p = 0.033)]. Higher CRF showed lower values for TNF-α (p = 0.02) and IL-10 (p = 0.003) and better HRV/HRR indices [RMSSD, PNS, SampEn, SD1 (p < 0.05)]. Conclusions: SEDT had a higher impact on inflammation and autonomic balance, independently of PA levels with differences by sex and CRF. PA appears to be more important for a better HRR. Lower HRV and HRR could be indicative of inflammatory status.Fil: del Rosso, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Baraquet, María Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Bergero, Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Fabian Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Mazzoco, Yanina Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Aoki, Maria del Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Perovic, Nilda Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentin

Cardiometabolic risk, biomarkers of low-grade subclinical inflammation and flavonoid intake: A cross-sectional study in Argentina

Background: Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols present in the diet, may help to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to know the potential associations between flavonoid source food intake, markers of low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic risk status. Methods: 194 adult subjects attending at the Cardiology Division, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Córdoba, Argentina participated in the study. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was applied to establish the flavonoid source food intake. Clinical-pathological and anthropometric variables [height, weight, and waist circumference, and serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and cytokines (INF-γ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-23) were measured. A cardiometabolic risk clustering score was constructed and correlation's coefficients and multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relation between flavonoid source foods consumption of and markers of low-grade inflammation. Results: 40.4% of the subjects were obese and 60.3% showed a very high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases according to the WC classification. 43.3% had a high risk of cardiometabolic dysregulation and the hs-CRP levels indicated a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the future both in men and women. The predominant intake of flavonoids was from source food of flavanones, flavones and flavonols. Negative associations between isoflavone source food intake and TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed. Conclusions: The results of the present study provide evidence of the inverse association between isoflavone source foods intake and inflammation. Further studies are needed to confirm retrieved association.Fil: Baraquet, María Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: del Rosso, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Oberto, María Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Defagó, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Perovic, Nilda Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; Argentin