Focused sunlight factor of forest fire danger assessment using Web-GIS and RS technologies

Timiryazevskiy forestry of Tomsk region (Siberia, Russia) is a study area elaborated in current research. Forest fire danger assessment is based on unique technology using probabilistic criterion, statistical data on forest fires, meteorological conditions, forest sites classification and remote sensing data. MODIS products are used for estimating some meteorological conditions and current forest fire situation. Geonformation technologies are used for geospatial analysis of forest fire danger situation on controlled forested territories. GIS-engine provides opportunities to construct electronic maps with different levels of forest fire probability and support raster layer for satellite remote sensing data on current forest fires. Web-interface is used for data loading on specific web-site and for forest fire danger data representation via World Wide Web. Special web-forms provide interface for choosing of relevant input data in order to process the forest fire danger data and assess the forest fire probability. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

A Search for Sustainable Energy Future for the Northwest Territories: The Role of Policy Integration​​

This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge about policy integration, and to investigate the capacity of consensus governments for integrated policymaking using the Northwest Territories renewable energy policy framework as a case study. The practical purpose is to contribute to the promotion of renewable energy by providing policy recommendations based on the study results. The specific research objectives are: 1) to test the Northwest Territories renewable energy policy against the criteria for policy integration, and identify the key factors behind the apparent success in introducing renewables to the overall energy portfolio, and 2) to explore how the consensus nature of the Northwest Territories government contributes to integrated policymaking. Policy process stages were examined to find out if the resulting policies met the criteria for policy integration, and if the type (style) of policymaking in the Northwest Territories supported integrated policymaking. Research methods included document analysis and semi-structured qualitative interviews. Research findings demonstrate that the Northwest Territories renewable energy policy framework satisfies the criteria for policy integration – comprehensiveness, aggregation, and consistency, and that consensus government has an increased capacity for integrated policymaking due to these factors: 1) greater policy stability than in a party-based system, which makes long-term policy solutions possible (important for issues requiring a long-term approach, e.g. renewable energy), and 2) better information exchange that contributes to policy comprehensiveness, consistency, and acceptance. Since policy solutions supported by the cabinet end up being upheld in most cases, a policy entrepreneur acting in a consensus government setting can facilitate the adoption of a specific policy through finding allies among cabinet members. Main recommendations include: 1) to the Government of the Northwest Territories – to introduce renewable portfolio standard for the mining industry and increase Aboriginal and community engagement in renewable energy projects, 2) to provincial and territorial governments – to emulate the mechanism of Energy Charrettes, 3) to the federal government – to ensure long-term financial support for renewable energy

Heat Transfer in Human Skin Exposed to Radiation from Forest Fire Taking Into Account Moisture Evaporation

Thermal radiation is one of the damaging factors of forest fire. As a result of exposure to radiant heat flow, thermal damage of the human skin is possible. A layer of skin is considered with effective thermophysical characteristics. Thin layer of sweat excretion situated on top of the skin. A mathematical model of heat transfer in the system of “skin-excretion” is developed taking into account evaporation of moisture. Typical simulation results are presented

Technologies of Physical Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling for Estimation of Ground Forest Fuel Fire Condition

Description of new experimental installations for the control of parameters of environment with a view of monitoring of forest fires presented in article. Stationary and mobile variants developed. Typical results of operation of installations during a fire-dangerous season of 2015 in vicinities of Ulan-Ude (Republic Buryatiya, Russia) presented. One-dimensional mathematical model of forest fuel drying which can be used for monitoring of forest fire danger with attraction of environmental parameters data during fire-dangerous season offered. Verification of mathematical model with use of known experimental data spent

PERSPECTIVES OF BACTERIOPHAGES PREPARATIONS USE IN THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE PURPOSES

Many years of antibiotics use for the treatment of various diseases has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. According to WHO, more than 60 % of pathogens are resistant to major antibiotics, and in 10–20 years almost all will acquire antimicrobial resistance. The reasons for the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to antibiotics may include continual, unreasonable using of antibiotics for self-medication, and when they are not effective: URTI, cough, flu; the total use of antibiotics in agriculture to prevent the development of diseases that can be transmitted to humans through food; the ability of bacteria to mutate and adapt quickly to different antibacterial drugs; not complete course of antibiotics. In this situation, a decent alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of many diseases of bacterial origin can make bacteriophages opened nearly a century ago. The modern practice of applying bacteriophage preparations used for the prevention and treatment of infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract; purulent-inflammatory diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, lungs; surgical infections; burn wounds; urogenital infections and other diseases. The main benefits of bacteriophages: are highly specific; have no contraindications to use; do not cause the development of microbial resistance; have no toxic, allergic, and teratogenic effects; they can also be used in combination with other preparations, including antibiotics and probiotics.Многолетнее применение антибиотиков для лечения различных заболеваний привело к возникновению множественной лекарственной устойчивости бактериальных штаммов. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) уже более 60% возбудителей устойчивы к основным антибиотикам, а через 10-20 лет практически все обретут резистентность к антимикробным препаратам. К причинам быстрой адаптации микроорганизмов к антибиотикам можно отнести постоянное, безосновательное использование антибиотиков при самолечении, а также тогда, когда они не эффективны: ОРВИ, кашель, грипп; тотальное использование антибиотиков в сельском хозяйстве для предупреждения развития заболеваний, способных передаваться человеку через продукты питания; способность бактерий быстро мутировать и приспосабливаться к различным антибактериальным препаратам; не полный курс антибиотиков. В этой ситуации достойную альтернативу антибиотикам в терапии множества заболеваний бактериального происхождения способны составить бактериофаги, открытые почти столетие назад. На сегодня, препараты бактериофагов применяются для профилактики и лечения инфекционных поражений желудочно-кишечного тракта; гнойно-воспалительных заболеваний глаз, ушей, носа, ротовой полости, горла, легких; хирургических инфекций; ожоговых ран; урогенитальных инфекций и других заболеваний. Основные преимущества бактериофагов перед антибиотиками: специфичность; они не имеют противопоказаний; не вызывают развития резистентности микроорганизмов; не обладают токсическим, аллергическим и тератогенным эффектами, а также могут применяться в комбинации с другими препаратами, в частности с антибиотиками и пробиотиками.Багаторічне застосування антибіотиків для лікування різних захворювань привело до виникнення множинної лікарської стійкості бактеріальних штамів. За даними Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я (ВООЗ) вже понад 60 % збудників стійкі до основних антибіотиків, а через 10–20 років практично усі набудуть резистентність до антимікробних препаратів. До причин швидкої адаптації мікроорганізмів до антибіотиків можна віднести постійне, безпідставне використання антибіотиків під час  самолікування, а також тоді, коли вони не ефективні: ГРВІ, кашель, грип; тотальне використання антибіотиків у сільському господарстві для попередження розвитку захворювань, здатних передаватися людині через продукти харчування; здатність бактерій швидко мутувати і пристосовуватися до різних антибактеріальних препаратів; не повний курс антибіотиків. У цій ситуації гідну альтернативу антибіотикам у терапії безлічі захворювань бактеріального походження здатні скласти бактеріофаги, відкриті майже сторіччя тому. На сьогодні,  препарати бактеріофагів застосовують для профілактики та лікування інфекційних уражень шлунково-кишкового тракту; гнійно-запальних захворювань очей, вух, носа, ротової порожнини, горла, легенів; хірургічних інфекцій; опікових ран; урогенітальних інфекцій та інших захворювань. Основні переваги бактеріофагів перед антибіотиками: специфічність; вони не мають протипоказань; не викликають розвитку резистентності мікроорганізмів; не володіють токсичним, алергічним і тератогенним ефектами, а також можуть застосовуватися в комбінації з іншими препаратами, зокрема з антибіотиками та пробіотиками

Numerical research of heated up to high temperatures particle influence on human skin

Numerical research results of heated to high temperatures particle influence on human skin are presented. The problem is solved in two-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heated particle is considered. Temperature distributionы in different moments of time are obtained

Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer in an Element of Combustible Plant Material When Exposed to Radiation from a Forest Fire

The last few decades have been characterized by an increase in the frequency and burned area of forest fires in many countries of the world. Needles, foliage, branches, and herbaceous plants are involved in burning during forest fires. Most forest fires are surface ones. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of heat transfer in an element of combustible plant material, namely, in the stem of a herbaceous plant, when exposed to radiation from a surface forest fire. Mathematically, the process of heat transfer in an element of combustible plant material was described by a system of non-stationary partial differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The finite difference method was used to solve this system of equations in combination with a locally one-dimensional method for solving multidimensional tasks of mathematical physics. Temperature distributions were obtained as a result of modeling in a structurally inhomogeneous stem of a herbaceous plant for various scenarios of the impact of a forest fire. The results can be used to develop new systems for forest fire forecasting and their environmental impact prediction

RECURRENCE PLOTS AS METHOD FOR INFORMATION FLOWS ANALYSIS

Abstract: Using the theory of recurrence we obtain recurrence plots for site series which reflects information flows. We research the possibility of using numerical measures of recurrence plots for analysis of information flows. We explain meanings of each measure, such as LL, L, RR, DET, CLEAN, TT, in our case. We have proved the possibility of using these measures as indicators for systems of Internet content-monitoring. Keywords: mathematics of computing, information flow, information analysis, recurrence plot. Introduction The information space and its display in the Internet has become an arena for a permanent confrontation at present. In modern "hybrid" wars information operations are one of the leading means to achieve main goals. Formation of information space by triad "Media-Social-State" implies a close relationship and mutual influence of elements of this triad. The use of information operations to change the state of society is the most effective means of influencing the public authorities. Large number of stakeholders can simultaneously carry out various operations that serve different purposes in the information space: -the impact on society through the media in order to cause the desired reaction; -directly impact on society in order to cause the necessary state actions through media coverage of these events; etc. Very often, these operations represent a direct threat to the security of society and state. Information operations often cannot be conducted without prior preparation. The key to success is the careful preparation of the medium. According to it, the presence of appropriate technology for monitoring and analysis of the information space can be deciding factor for the stability of the state. The main objective of this study is to develop mathematical indicators that can be used for monitoring of the information space, and can be incorporated into the relevant software solutions

Development of Standardized Roofing Truss Design

This thesis work was made for Ruukki Rus, for the Russian filial of the big Finnish company. Ruukki Rus makes projects and produce different steel structures. However, there was a task to reduce the time spending to design process. As standardization and unification of elements, constructions and design solutions is one of the main ways to reduce the complexity and cost of the construction, there was decided to standardize structures in typical building. The purpose of this work was to make a standardized series of the roofing truss designs with 10 % slope for 24, 30, 36 meters spans and different load combinations. Calculations were made in SCAD Office, in Microsoft Excel and some simple calculations were made by hands. All calculations (determination of the load bearing capacity and welded connections strength) were made according to the Russian code SP16.13330.2011 «Steel Structures». On this calculations basis BIM models in Tekla Structures were made. The metal consumption and all the standard sections drawings were received from those BIM models. Designed series of truss structures with a 10% slope and 24, 30, 36 meters spans covers a range of line loads from 1.3 t/m to 3.3 t/m. In comparison with the truss structures series Molodechno it has a lower metal consumption by reducing the cross section of the upper chords due to vertical elements adding. The result of this thesis work is a table for customers where they can choose type of roofing structures they need and estimate the approximate weight and cost, and almost the same table for designers – to consult customers and to make some structure decisions according to customer needs. Therefore, this series reduce the time spending from the moment of the concept project to the moment of manufacturing because the time of designing is much less

WWLLN Data Cluster Analysis Methods for Lightning-Caused Forest Fires Monitoring

Storm activity is the main reason for forest fires to occur in remote forested territories. The current article presents the results for cluster analysis of WWLLN data on lightning discharges. It provides the description for clusterization algorithms of lightning discharges over the controlled territory. Research area is Timiryazevskiy forestry of the Tomsk region (Siberia, Russia). We analyzed the applicability of cluster analysis results for monitoring of the forest fire danger caused by storm activity. As a result of the conducted research, we established that the following characteristics of storm activity can be included in deterministic-probabilistic criterion to assess the forest fire danger. The article gives the recommendations how to create new generation information-computer and geoinformation systems for monitoring of the forest fire danger caused by storm activity in the controlled forested territory