Administrative Law -- Power of Board of Education to Abolish Fraternities

<p>Left panel (bottom) shows proportion of cattle with IgG antibodies following vaccination 14 to 366 days post-vaccination. The right panel (bottom) shows proportion of cattle that produced anti-RVF IgM antibodies over the 1 year period. The top panel on the left and right are the placebo-treated animals.</p

Proportion of goats positive for anti-RVF antibodies following vaccination with RVF Clone 13 vaccine.

<p>Left panel (bottom) proportion of the goats with IgG antibodies following vaccination within 14 to 366 days post-vaccination. The right panel (bottom) shows proportion of goats that produced anti-RVF IgM antibodies over the 1 year period. The top panel on the left and right are the placebo-treated animals.</p

Schematic summary of the study design showing the species, the numbers and the physiological status of the study animals.

<p>The study was carried out in three sites (Kabete, Kiboko and Ngong)—all government farms with similar farm management conditions. We used 404 animals in the study, including 85 cattle, 168 sheep, and 151 goats. Of these, 194 were vaccinated with RVF Clone 13 vaccine whereas 210 were injected with placebo. The study animals were divided into 3 groups; Group A included non-pregnant animals, Group B included animal in 1^st half of the pregnancy, and Group C animals in 2^nd half of pregnancy.</p

Odds ratios for sero-conversion by day 14 for vaccinated and placebo groups of cattle, sheep, and goats.

<p>The ratio represents the odds of sero-conversion in the vaccinated group compared to the placebo (reference) group.</p><p>Odds ratios for sero-conversion by day 14 for vaccinated and placebo groups of cattle, sheep, and goats.</p

Framework for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response (revised from [19]).

Framework for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response (revised from [19]).</p

Prevention of zoonotic spillover to humans: Prevention of pathogen spillover from animals to humans; shifting the infectious disease control paradigm from reactive to proactive (primary prevention, upstream).

Prevention includes addressing the drivers of disease emergence, namely ecological, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors and activities that increase spillover risk, in order to reduce the risk of human infection. It is informed by, among other actions, biosurveillance in domestic and wild animals, people and the environment, understanding pathogen infection dynamics, and implementing intervention activities. Exemplary preparedness-response actions (downstream actions) are indicated on the right.</p