Drug Resistance and Genotypes of Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected and Non-infected Tuberculosis Patients in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Little is known about transmission and drug resistance of tuberculosis (TB) in Bauru, State of São Paulo. The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis   strains in this area. Strains were collected from patients attended at ambulatory services in the region and susceptibility towards the main first line antibiotics was determined and fingerprinting performed. A total of 57 strains were submitted to susceptibility testing: 23 (42.6%) were resistant to at least one drug while 3 (13%) were resistant against both rifampicin and isoniazide. Resistant strains had been isolated from patients that had not (n = 13) or had (n = 9) previously been submitted to anti-TB treatment, demonstrating a preoccupying high level of primary resistance in the context of the study. All strains were submitted to IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP) and double repetitive element PCR (DRE-PCR). Using IS6110-RFLP, 26.3% of the strains were clustered and one cluster of 3 patients included 2 HIV-infected individuals that had been hospitalized together during 16 days; clustering of strains of patients from the hospital was however not higher than that of patients attended at health posts. According to DRE-PCR, 55.3% belonged to a cluster, confirming the larger discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP when compared to DRE-PCR, that should therefore be used as a screening procedure only. No clinical, epidemiological or microbiological characteristics were associated with clustering so risk factors for transmission of TB could not be defined in the present study

Drug resistance and genotypes of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non-infected tuberculosis patients in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Little is known about transmission and drug resistance of tuberculosis (TB) in Bauru, State of São Paulo. The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in this area. Strains were collected from patients attended at ambulatory services in the region and susceptibility towards the main first line antibiotics was determined and fingerprinting performed. A total of 57 strains were submitted to susceptibility testing: 23 (42.6%) were resistant to at least one drug while 3 (13%) were resistant against both rifampicin and isoniazide. Resistant strains had been isolated from patients that had not (n = 13) or had (n = 9) previously been submitted to anti-TB treatment, demonstrating a preoccupying high level of primary resistance in the context of the study. All strains were submitted to IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP) and double repetitive element PCR (DRE-PCR). Using IS6110-RFLP, 26.3% of the strains were clustered and one cluster of 3 patients included 2 HIV-infected individuals that had been hospitalized together during 16 days; clustering of strains of patients from the hospital was however not higher than that of patients attended at health posts. According to DRE-PCR, 55.3% belonged to a cluster, confirming the larger discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP when compared to DRE-PCR, that should therefore be used as a screening procedure only. No clinical, epidemiological or microbiological characteristics were associated with clustering so risk factors for transmission of TB could not be defined in the present study

Detecção do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis por nested polymerase chain reaction em espécimes pulmonares e extrapulmonares

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-07T12:48:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini.pdf: 173341 bytes, checksum: 86c36f0c01dedf73d85219a942bfb783 (MD5) art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini port..pdf: 183111 bytes, checksum: 258c0179c4efe0f597ec9b3eb2292291 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-07T13:07:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini.pdf: 173341 bytes, checksum: 86c36f0c01dedf73d85219a942bfb783 (MD5) art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini port..pdf: 183111 bytes, checksum: 258c0179c4efe0f597ec9b3eb2292291 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T13:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini.pdf: 173341 bytes, checksum: 86c36f0c01dedf73d85219a942bfb783 (MD5) art. Detection of Mycobacterium - furini port..pdf: 183111 bytes, checksum: 258c0179c4efe0f597ec9b3eb2292291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Adolfo Lutz Institute. Department of Mycobacteria. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Rio Preto University Center. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Evandro Chagas Institute. Belém, PA, Brazil.Regional Foundation School of Medicine. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.Lauro de Souza Lima Institute. Bauru, SP, Brazil.Fluminense Federal University. Niterói, RJ, Brazil.Comparar o desempenho da técnica nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) com aquele de culturas na detecção do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis em espécimes pulmonares e extrapulmonares.To compare the performance of nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) with that of cultures in the detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium leprae isolates from Brazilian leprosy patients

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-25T17:17:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amanda_fontes_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 376703 bytes, checksum: ec0c4b7b9b14df59fc4f776733a26280 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-25T17:24:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amanda_fontes_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 376703 bytes, checksum: ec0c4b7b9b14df59fc4f776733a26280 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T17:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amanda_fontes_etal_IOC_2009.pdf: 376703 bytes, checksum: ec0c4b7b9b14df59fc4f776733a26280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru. SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hanseníase. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Introduction Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular parasite. A problem in studying the transmission of leprosy is the small amount of variation in bacterial genomic DNA. The discovery of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) allowed the detection of strain variation in areas with a high prevalence of leprosy. Four genotypes of M. leprae based on three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were also discovered to be useful for analysis of the global spread of leprosy

Tuberculosis associated factors caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the RDRio genotype

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a disease that affects many countries around the world, including Brazil. Recently, a subtype of Latin American-Mediterranean family strain was identified and characterised by RDRio. The strain has been associated with different characteristics of the disease. OBJECTIVES In the present study we investigated the association of epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological variables with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by RDRioMycobacterium tuberculosis strain in large regions of São Paulo. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 530 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosed using sputum culture, from two regions of the São Paulo state in Brazil. The samples were brought to São Paulo reference laboratories for epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological analyses, and the data were obtained from a TB notification system. RDRio genotyping and Spoligotyping of the samples were performed. For the analysis of the categorical variables we used the chi-square test or the Fisher&#8217;s exact test, and for the continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test. In addition, a logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS The RDRio deletion was identified in 152 (28.7%) samples. In the univariate analysis, both the age groups above 25 years and alcohol consumption were associated with the RDRio deletion. The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of the RDRio deletion with the age groups: 25-35 years old [OR: 2.28 (1.02-5.07; p = 0.04)] and 36-60 years old (OR: 2.36 (1.11-5.05); p = 0.03], and also with alcohol consumption [OR: 1.63 (1.05-2.54); p = 0,03]. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified new factors associated with the M. tuberculosis of the RDRio deletion strains infection

Tuberculosis associated factors caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the RDRio genotype

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a disease that affects many countries around the world, including Brazil. Recently, a subtype of Latin American-Mediterranean family strain was identified and characterised by RDRio. The strain has been associated with different characteristics of the disease. OBJECTIVES In the present study we investigated the association of epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological variables with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by RDRioMycobacterium tuberculosis strain in large regions of São Paulo. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 530 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosed using sputum culture, from two regions of the São Paulo state in Brazil. The samples were brought to São Paulo reference laboratories for epidemiological, clinical, radiological and bacteriological analyses, and the data were obtained from a TB notification system. RDRio genotyping and Spoligotyping of the samples were performed. For the analysis of the categorical variables we used the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test, and for the continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test. In addition, a logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant. FINDINGS The RDRio deletion was identified in 152 (28.7%) samples. In the univariate analysis, both the age groups above 25 years and alcohol consumption were associated with the RDRio deletion. The multivariate analysis confirmed the association of the RDRio deletion with the age groups: 25-35 years old [OR: 2.28 (1.02-5.07; p = 0.04)] and 36-60 years old (OR: 2.36 (1.11-5.05); p = 0.03], and also with alcohol consumption [OR: 1.63 (1.05-2.54); p = 0,03]. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified new factors associated with the M. tuberculosis of the RDRio deletion strains infection

Clinical and epidemiological profiles of individuals with drug-resistant tuberculosis

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a growing global threat. Approximately 450,000 people developed multidrugresistant TB worldwide in 2012 and an estimated 170,000 people died from the disease. This paper describes the sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of TB and correlates these features with the distribution of anti-TB drug resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) cultures and drug susceptibility testing were performed according to the BACTEC MGIT 960 method. The results demonstrated that MT strains from individuals who received treatment for TB and people who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus were more resistant to TB drugs compared to other individuals (p &lt; 0.05). Approximately half of the individuals received supervised treatment, but most drug-resistant cases were positive for pulmonary TB and exhibited positive acid-fast bacilli smears, which are complicating factors for TB control programs. Primary healthcare is the ideal level for early disease detection, but tertiary healthcare is the most common entry point for patients into the system. These factors require special attention from healthcare managers and professionals to effectively control and monitor the spread of TB drug-resistant cases

Influence of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in the pathogenesis of leprosy in a hyperendemic population of Rondonópolis, Southern Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-22T18:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) milton_moraes2eta_IOC_2014.pdf: 315752 bytes, checksum: ec1415a63840f2c2ca8887ca39d68f15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Laboratório de Imunogenética. Maringá, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Laboratório de Imunogenética. Maringá, PR, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. Bauru, SP, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Laboratório de Imunogenética. Maringá, PR, Brasil.Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between KIR genes and the immunopathogenesis of leprosy. Methods: The types of KIR and HLA genes were evaluated by PCR-SSOP-Luminex in 408 patients with leprosy and 413 healthy individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and stepwise multivariate analysis. Results: There was a higher frequency of activating KIR genes (KIR2DS1, 2DS2 and 3DS1) together with their HLA ligands in the tuberculoid (TT) group as compared to the lepromatous leprosy (LL) group. KIR2DL2/2DL2-C1 was more frequent in the patient, TT and LL groups than in the control group. Borderline patients presented a higher frequency of inhibitory pairs when compared to the control group, and a higher frequency of activating pairs as compared to the LL group. Multivariate analysis confirmed the associations and demonstrated that being a female is a protective factor against the development of the disease per se and the more severe clinical form. Conclusions: This study showed that activating and inhibitory KIR genes may influence the development of leprosy – in particular, activating genes may protect against the more aggressive form of the disease – thereby demonstrating the role of NK cells in the immunopathology of the disease