Comparative effectiveness and safety of xiyanping with ribavirin for rotavirus enteritis therapy in childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To employ meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and adverse events of Xiyanping and ribavirin in children with rotavirus enteritis.Methods: Searches included PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP database), and Wanfang database from inception to March 2017. Clinical indicators, with respect to the total effectiveness rate, fever time, duration of diarrhea, creatinine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), rotavirus (RV) negative conversion rate, and adverse reaction, were compared between Xiyanping and ribavirin groups.Results: Five-hundred and twenty-six records were obtained after searching the databases, and 18 studies (3557 participants) that met the inclusion criteria were included. All of them assessed total effectiveness rate, and two records evaluated RV negative conversion rate. There were significantly higher rates in the Xiyanping group than in the ribavirin group {OR = 3.76, 95 %CI (3.03 - 4.66), p < 0.00001; OR = 2.68, 95 %CI (1.56 - 4.60), p = 0.0004}. Compared with ribavirin group, fever time, duration of diarrhea, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) were significantly lower in xiyanping group [MD = -1.23, 95 %CI (-1.64 to -0.81), p < 0.00001; MD= -2.15, 95 %CI (-2.68 to -1.62), p < 0.00001; MD = -16.90, 95 %CI (-17.23 to -16.57), p < 0.00001}. Six studies reported adverse reactions, but there was no significant difference between xiyanping and ribavirin groups {OR = 1.44, 95 %CI (0.40 - 5.17), p = 0.58}.Conclusion: This review suggests that xiyanping is more effective than ribavirin in children suffering from rotavirus enteritis.Keywords: Ribavirin, Rotavirus enteritis, Systematic review, Virazole®, Xiyanpin

DACT2 is frequently methylated in human gastric cancer and methylation of DACT2 activated Wnt signaling

Dapper, Dishevelled-associated antagonist of beta-catenin (DACT), is a key regulator of Wnt signaling pathway. The purpose of this study is to explore the epigenetic changes and the function of DACT2 in human gastric cancer (GC). Eight human gastric cancer cell lines, 167 cases of primary gastric cancer and 8 cases of normal gastric mucosa were involved in this study. In addition, methylation Specific PCR (MSP), semi-quantitative RT-PCR, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, siRNA, immunofluorescence techniques and xenograft mice models were employed. The results indicate that DACT2 is frequently methylated in human primary gastric cancer (55.7%), and that methylation of DACT2 is associated with lost or reduction in its expression (X-2 test, P<0.01). We found that DACT2 expression was regulated by promoter region hypermethylation. Methylation of DACT2 is associated with tumor differentiation, invasion and intravascular cancerous emboli (X-2 test, P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.05). In gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU and cisplatin, the five-year survival rates are higher in DACT2 methylated cases. DACT2 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells and suppresses gastric cancer xenografts in mice. Restoration of DACT2 expression inhibits both canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling in SGC7901 cells. Restoration of DACT2 expression sensitized gastric cancer cells to paclitaxel and 5-FU. In conclusion, DACT2 is frequently methylated in human gastric cancer and DACT2 expression is silenced by promoter region hypermethylation. DACT2 suppressed gastric cancer proliferation, invasion and metastasis by inhibiting Wnt signaling both in vitro and in vivo.OncologySCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]

Preparation and Application of Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization (CDI): a State-of-Art Review

As a promising desalination technology, capacitive deionization (CDI) have shown practicality and cost-effectiveness in brackish water treatment. Developing more efficient electrode materials is the key to improving salt removal performance. This work reviewed current progress on electrode fabrication in application of CDI. Fundamental principal (e.g. EDL theory and adsorption isotherms) and process factors (e.g. pore distribution, potential, salt type and concentration) of CDI performance were presented first. It was then followed by in-depth discussion and comparison on properties and fabrication technique of different electrodes, including carbon aerogel, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene and ordered mesoporous carbon. Finally, polyaniline as conductive polymer and its potential application as CDI electrode-enhancing materials were also discussed