2,509 research outputs found
Complex quantum network model of energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes
The quantum network model with real variables is usually used to describe the
excitation energy transfer (EET) in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson(FMO) complexes. In
this paper we add the quantum phase factors to the hopping terms and find that
the quantum phase factors play an important role in the EET. The quantum phase
factors allow us to consider the space structure of the pigments. It is found
that phase coherence within the complexes would allow quantum interference to
affect the dynamics of the EET. There exist some optimal phase regions where
the transfer efficiency takes its maxima, which indicates that when the
pigments are optimally spaced, the exciton can pass through the FMO with
perfect efficiency. Moreover, the optimal phase regions almost do not change
with the environments. In addition, we find that the phase factors are useful
in the EET just in the case of multiple-pathway. Therefore, we demonstrate
that, the quantum phases may bring the other two factors, the optimal space of
the pigments and multiple-pathway, together to contribute the EET in
photosynthetic complexes with perfect efficiency.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Bis(μ-3-carbÂoxy-2-oxidobenzoato)-κ3O1,O 2:O 3;κ3 O 3:O1,O 2-bisÂ[aquaÂ(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)]
In the centrosymmetric dinuclear complex, [Cu2(C8H4O5)2(C10H8N2)2(H2O)2], the CuII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from a bipyridine ligand, three O atoms from two 3-carbÂoxy-2-oxidobenzoate dianions and the O atom of the water molÂecule in a distorted octaÂhedral geometry. The Cu—-O(H) coordination [2.931 (3) Å] is very weak. In the crystal structure, the dinuclear units are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (010) by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds
Genetic diversity analysis of DRB3.2 in domestic yak (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
DRB3 gene has been extensively evaluated as a candidate marker for association with many bovine disease and immunological traits. A hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction-sequencing method was used to investigate the polymorphisms of DRB3.2 gene from 209 individuals in three different domestic yak (Bos grunniens) populations (62 Tianzhu white yaks, 78 Gannan yaks and 69 Datong yaks) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sixty-three polymorphic sites and 143 haplotypes were detected. The percentage of polymorphic sites in Gannan Yak (GNY), Tianzhu white Yak (TWY) and Datong Yak (DTY) were 21.80, 29.95 and 12.95%, while the haplotype diversity were 0.9987, 0.9984 and 0.9855, respectively. At the amino acid level, Glu had the highest content; the percentage was 12.326%, followed by Arg (10.315%), Phe (10.804%), Val (8.346%), Gly (8.315%), Leu (6.606%) and Ala (5.851%), whereas Met and Ile were below than 1%. Only 19 amino acids were found in DTY, Met was lost. Among the synonymous codons, whose third base was G and/or C had a higher usage frequency. Most variability were found in amino acid residues 11, 13, 26, 28, 30, 32, 37, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73 and 74. In GNY, the residues at positions 71, 11 and 72 were highly polymorphic with 8, 7 and 7, at 50, 58, 70, 74 and 78, the residues were selectively polymorphic than other yak populations; the other polymorphic sites were common in the populations. The results of this study indicated that the Chinese domestic yak populations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have abundant polymorphism in DRB3.2, and the GNY was the highest, followed by TWY and DTY.Key words: Domestic Yak, Hemi-nested PCR, BoLA-DRB3.2, polymorphism
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