An empirical study on factors influencing consumer impulsive purchase behavior: a case of Ho Chi Minh city in the 4.0 era

The fourth industrial revolution (the 4.0 era) has provided companies with more opportunities to attract potential clients across technology-based platforms, thus, bringing new factors that offer a tremendous incentive to buy impulsively, namely Contextual Targeting. Nevertheless, far too little attention has lately been paid to impulse buying behavior in Vietnam. This study offers a comprehensive view on how impulsive behavior is produced, analyzes factors having considerable significance to the impulsiveness, and proposes tactics businesses may use to maximize their sales. The data for this study were selected randomly from the population of Ho Chi Minh city via a survey in the second half of February 2020. From Exploratory Factors Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis, results reveal that contextual targeting of advertising, packaging, and moods are strongly linked to impulse buying behaviors of Vietnamese consumers, especially in Ho Chi Minh city in the 4.0 era. The study proposes appropriate tactics for businesses to employ as a cheat-sheet, which helps manipulate customer mannerism to maximize profits

Carrot hairy roots (Daucus carota L.) characterisation and optimisation for high β‐carotene extraction

Hairy roots are widely known as a biological system for the production of highly diverse biomolecules. β‐carotene – a precursor for vitamin A – is known to be an anti‐oxidant and anti‐gastric cancer and protection agent against cardiovascular disease, heart disease and stroke. β‐carotene has been chemically synthesised and consumed by humans. However, the chemical process often produces a by‐product that may be harmful to human health. Therefore, this study established a protocol to induce hairy roots (HRs) from a Vietnamese carrot variety and produce natural β‐carotene. The Rhizobium rhizogenes ATCC15834 harbouring Ri plasmid and a Vietnamese carrot variety were used as materials for genetic transformation and HR induction studies. The result showed that approximately 50 HR lines were obtained. Culture medium supplemented with 30 mg/L of sucrose that gave the highest biomass of HR was shown in carrot HR line 30, which had a doubling time of 6.5 days. The highest content of β‐carotene extraction, at 128 mg/100g hairy roots, was achieved with a ratio volume (v/v) of 2‐propanol and plant samples of 20:1, followed by two hours’ incubation with 2‐propanol at 60 °C. Our study reveals a highly efficient protocol for Vietnamese carrot hairy root establishment and multiplication. A very efficient protocol for β‐carotene extraction from the hairy root was established to produce natural β‐carotene that achieves the same β‐carotene quantity as that produced by normal roots. This study provides new insight into the production of high‐content and natural β‐carotene for therapeutic application

Risk of Land Degradation: A Case Study of Phu Yen Province, Vietnam

The issue of the land degradation vulnerability index (LDVI) is multifaceted, encompassing climate, soil, vegetation, policy formulation, and human actions. In Vietnam, the convergence of climatic fluctuations and human impact results in phenomena, such as soil sealing, erosion, salinization, and landscape fragmentation. These phenomena are recognized as significant triggers of land degradation. This paper seeks to present a method for assessing a land's susceptibility to degradation by utilizing ten ecological 10 criteria: NDVI; slope; bulk density (cg/cm3); cation exchange capacity in the soil (CEC; mmol(c)/kg); Soil organic carbon stock (SOC; dg/kg), pH; Nitrogen (N; cg/kg); soil thickness (cm); soil surface temperature LST (0C); precipitation of the driest quarter (mm). The research results show that Song Hinh and Son Hoa communes are standing on the most land degradation vulnerability. Some criteria that are considered important in assessing land degradation by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique are NDVI, followed by slope, nitrogen, bulk density, and soil thickness. The results of the study are consistent with records in localities that are often under pressure from drought. Extreme LDVI areas were larger identified on low mountains, slope terrain, and precipitation of driest quarter under 200mm, expanding on the agricultural areas with 40km2 total province agriculture area, followed by grassland (20.3 km2), natural forests (17.2 km2), plantation forests (8.2 km2), residences (8.2 km2), and bare land (8.15 km2). Poor land management practices, such as improper construction, inadequate water management, and lack of terracing, can contribute to soil erosion and land degradation. This LDVI assessment process can be applied to some tropical countries. The NDVI index combined with the slope, nitrogen, bulk density, and soil thickness can be exploratory indicators of land sensitivity to land degradation

Neuromuscular Blockade Agents Reversal with Sugammadex Compared to Neostigmine in the Living Kidney Donors

Backround: The reversation of NMBA (neuromuscular blocking agents) prevents numerous postoperative complications, increases quality of recovery and decreases the time, expenditure spending in hospital. The choice of medicine used to reverse NMBA depends  considered as a key fators to gain the best outcome and to avoid the side effects. Aim: To evaluate the postoperative effect on muscle relaxation reversal and side effects of sugammadex 2 mg/kg versus the combination of  neostigmine and atropine sulfate in the living kidney donors. MethodS: A randomised controlled trial on 70 patients undergoing living kidney donation surgery were allocated to 2 groups. Patients in group I (SUGA) were reversed with sugammadex 2 mg/kg and in group II (NEO/ATR) with the combination of neostigmine and atropine sulfat. Results: With 35 patients in each group, the study results showed that after 3 mintutes of reversal patients reaching TOF value ≥ 0.9 in group SUGA is 91.4%, after 5 minutes 100% of patients in group SUGA reached TOF value ≥ 0.9 . In group NEO/ATR after 3 minutes 28.6% patients reached TOF ≥ 0.9 and 40% patients reached TOF≥ 0.9 after 5 minutes. The difference in percentage of patients reaching TOF ≥ 0.9 after 3 minutes, 5 minutes of reversal between two groups is significant (p<0.05). After 10 minutes, 100% patients in both group got TOF ≥ 0.9. Time to exutubation of group SUGA was 249.43 ± 81.75 seconds and it was 456.29 ± 146.45 seconds in group NEO/ATR. Nausea, bradycardia, and increased phlegm production in group NEO/ATR was 22.9%; 28.5%; 25.7% respectively; while those side effects were not met in group SUGA, the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle relaxation reversal effect of sugammadex was faster than that of neostigmine, the duration TOF ≥ 0.9 and the time to extubation was significantly faster. Sugammadex did not cause hemodynamic changes before and after muscle relaxation reversal, neostigmine resulted in the bradycardia, increased phlegm secreting and other side effects. The renal function after 24 hours postoperatively of two groups was similar

KHẢ NĂNG ĐỐI KHÁNG BỆNH THÁN THƯ DO Colletotrichum fructicola CL5 TRÊN ỚT CỦA Β-1,3-GLUCANASE SINH TỔNG HỢP TỪ Bacillus spp.

β-1,3-glucanase is a crucial enzyme for the development of plants. It is involved in the maturation of seeds, floral development, and cell division. Furthermore, β-1,3-glucanase prevents the spreading of diseases by fungal pathogens to plants. This study chose two bacterial strains that produced β-1,3-glucanases, including Bacillus sp. 4 and Bacillus sp. 41 to attract fungus pathogen C. fructicola CL5 in chili inhibition ability. The results indicated Bacillus sp. 41. (secreted highest enzyme activity of 1,202± 0,04 U/mL after 12 hours of culture), higher than that of Bacillus sp. 4 (enzyme reached maximal of 0,85379 ± 0,04 U/mL after 15 hours of culture). The effect on C. fructicola CL5 growth prevention by the two Bacillus spp. in vitro models resulted in (Bacillus sp. 4: 50,73% after six days and Bacillus sp. 41: 57,39% after 12 days). In this result, β-1,3-glucanase was produced by Bacillus spp. positively contributed to the control of C. fructicola CL5 causing anthracnose disease in chili, which is equal to the commercial fungal pesticide Ridomil.β-1,3-glucanase tham gia vào quá trình phân chia tế bào, hình thành hoa và sự trưởng thành của hạt. Ngoài ra, β-1,3-glucanase cũng bảo vệ thực vật chống lại sự tấn công của của các loại nấm bệnh. Hai chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng sinh tổng hợp β-1,3-glucanase được chọn nghiên cứu là Bacillus sp. 4 và Bacillus sp. 41 có khả năng đối kháng với nấm Colletotrichum fructicola CL5 gây bệnh thán thư trên cây ớt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy khả năng tích lũy enzyme đạt cực đại của chủng Bacillus sp. 41 (1,202 ± 0,04 U/mL cao nhất tại thời điểm 12 giờ) cao hơn so với chủng Bacillus sp. 4 (0,85379 ± 0,04 U/mL cao nhất tại thời điểm 15 giờ). Hiệu quả kiểm soát nấm bệnh C. fructicola CL5 trong điều kiện in vitro của hai chủng Bacillus spp. thu được rất cao (Bacillus sp. 4: 50,73% sau 6 ngày và Bacillus sp. 41: 57,39% sau 12 ngày). Trong nghiên cứu này, β-1,3-glucanase ngoại bào từ hai chủng vi khuẩn có tiềm năng trở thành nhân tố kiểm soát sinh học thân thiện với môi trường nhờ hiệu suất ức chế C. fructicola CL5 tương đương với thuốc trừ nấm hóa học Ridomil

ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ ĐẾN QUÁ TRÌNH CHẾ TẠO NANO BẠC SỬ DỤNG DỊCH CHIẾT LÁ VỐI LÀM TÁC NHÂN KHỬ

In this study, we use the aqueous extract of Robusta plant leaves as a reducing agent and alginate as a surfactant to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate (AgNO3). The influence of extraction time and the solid-liquid ratio, the concentration of AgNO3, the volume ratio between silver nitrate solution and the extract of Robusta leaves, and the reaction time on the synthesis were investigated. The optimal conditions are as follows: 15 g of leaves/200 mL, silver nitrate concentration 4 mM, Vextract/VAgNO3 4:100, 1% sodium alginate solution, and reaction time 45 minutes. The obtained solution of silver nanoparticles has a yellow-brown color. The TEM, XRD, and FT-IR measurements of the samples show that the silver nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized. The particles are spherical with an even size and 19.0-26.6 nm in diameter.Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi trình bày phương pháp điều chế dung dịch nano bạc (Ag) từ bạc nitrate (AgNO3) sử dụng dịch chiết lá vối làm tác nhân khử và alginate là chất hoạt động bề mặt. Chúng tôi khảo sát ảnh hưởng của nồng độ AgNO3, tỷ lệ thể tích giữa AgNO3 và dịch chiết lá vối và thời gian phản ứng đến quá trình tạo nano Ag. Điều kiện tối ưu để tổng hợp nano Ag sử dụng dịch chiết lá vối gồm nồng độ AgNO3 4 mM, tỷ lệ thể tích Vdịch chiết /VAgNO3 = 4:100, nồng độ alginate 1%, thời gian phản ứng 45 phút tại nhiệt độ phòng. Dung dịch nano Ag thu được có màu vàng nâu đồng nhất. Kết quả đo TEM, SEM, XRD và FT-IR của các mẫu cho thấy nano Ag đã được tổng hợp thành công; hạt nano có dạng hình cầu, cấu trúc đồng đều với kích thước hạt khoảng 19,0–26,6 nm

Temporal Trends in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence During the Period 2010–2020 in Vietnam: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study used repeated cross-sectional data from three national surveys in Vietnam to determine tobacco smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2020 and disparities among demographic and socioeconomic groups.Methods: Tobacco smoking temporal trends were estimated for individuals aged 15 and over and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence estimates used survey weights and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression models adjusted for survey sample characteristics across time were used to examine trends.Results: Tobacco smoking prevalence dropped from 23.8% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2015 and 20.8% in 2020. The adjusted OR for 2015 compared to 2010 was 0.87, and for 2020 compared to 2010 was 0.69. Smoking decreased less for employed individuals than unemployed individuals in 2020 compared to 2010. Smoking was higher in the lower SES group in all 3 years. Higher-SES households have seen a decade-long drop in tobacco use.Conclusion: This prevalence remained constant in lower SES households. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the specific challenges faced by lower-SES smokers and emphasizes the importance of further research to inform effective policies

Research to support and inform the development, implementation and/or evaluation of tobacco control policies in relation to the framework convention on tobacco control in low and middle-income countries

In order to enforce policies on tobacco control in Vietnam, reliable information on health and socio-economic hazards associated with tobacco farming is needed. The study investigates the harmful impact of tobacco cultivation and processing on health of tobacco farmers in a rural community in northern Vietnam. Objectives included estimation of health care costs as well as health beliefs related to tobacco cultivation and processing. The health of those who cultivate the crop is constantly put in peril. The study confirms that tobacco farming does not bring prosperity to the farmers while causing them a lot of health problems, especially among women

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Southern Chinese Women – A Population-Based Study

Background: Persistent high-risk type Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer. This study aimed to compare the HPV prevalence and risk factors between women residing in Hong Kong (HK) and Guangzhou (GZ) region of China. Methodology/Principal Findings: A total of 1,570 and 1,369 women were recruited from HK and GZ, respectively. The cytology samples were collected and tested for HPV infection. The overall and type-specific HPV prevalence and the potential risk factors for acquisition of HPV infection were studied. Women with normal cytology in the GZ cohort had significantly higher HPV prevalence (10%) than those in the HK cohort (6.2%, p<0.001). The patterns of the age-specific HPV prevalence were also different between the two cohorts. In the HK cohort, women at the age of 20-29 years old had the highest prevalence and a second peak was observed in the age of ≥60 years old. In the GZ cohort, the highest HPV prevalence was also observed in 20-29 years old but declined as the age increased and a second peak was not seen. HPV16 and HPV52 were the most common high-risk types found in the HK and GZ cohorts, respectively. Age was the most consistently observed independent risk factor for HPV infection in the HK, while the number of sexual partners had association in the GZ cohort. Conclusions/Significance: Our study provides the current status and the epidemiological characteristics of HPV prevalence in Southern Chinese women. The results strongly suggested that population education and the effective cervical cancer screening would be vital in the prevention of cervical cancer. © 2011 Liu et al.published_or_final_versio

Smoke-free environment policy in Vietnam: What did people see and how did they react when they visited various public places?

Introduction: Since Vietnam has signed WHO framework on tobacco control (FCTC) in 2003 and has issued tobacco control law in 2013, there has been little research concerning about what impacts smoke-free regulations have had on public compliance. The objective of this study was to assess public exposure to secondhand smoke and reaction toward smoke-free policy regulations in Vietnam and the associated factor. Methods: Using the design of GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey), a nationally representative sample of 8,996 adults were approached for data collection. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factor.Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of respondents exposed to secondhand smoke was much higher in bars/café/tea shops (90.07%) and restaurants (81.81%) than in any other public places, universities (36.70%), government buildings (31.12%), public transport (20.04%), healthcare facilities (17.85%) and schools (15.84%). 13.23% of respondents saw smokers violate smoke-free regulations. Among those who saw them violate smoke-free regulations, just one-third cautioned them to stop smoking. Strikingly, a higher rate of cautioning smokers to stop smoking was observed among the older, married, and better educated respondents. Respondents who were married, better educated and in lower economic status were more likely to remind smokers to stop smoking.Conclusions: The study has called for strengthening two of the six MPOWER (Monitor, Protect, Offer, Warn, Enforce and Raise) components of the tobacco free initiative introduced by WHO, Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies and Protecting people from tobacco smoke