Effect of estradiol valerate on endometrial thickness in polycystic ovary syndrome having ovulation induction with letrozole

Background: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Letrozole is an orally active aromatase inhibitor and as effective as chlomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation. Estrogen is important in the regeneration and growth of the endometrium prior to ovulation prepare the tissue to respond to progesterone post ovulation in PCOS patients. Aim of the study was to assess the effects of estradiol valerate on endometrial thickness in PCOS having ovulation induction with letrozole. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the department of reproductive endocrinology and infertility, BSMMU, Dhaka, with 1 year duration. A total 80 diagnosed cases of PCOS patients with subfertility were included in this study. Among them 40 patients received letrozole and estradiol valerate and 40 patients received letrozole and placebo. Results: On day 8, mean endometrial thickness was not statistically significant between two groups (p=0.436). On day of triggering, mean endometrial thickness was significantly higher in intervention group 9.2±1.4 mm than control group 8.2±1.4 mm (p=0.004). Mean changes of endometrial thickness on day of triggering compared with on day 8 was significantly higher in intervention group 3.2±1.5 mm than control group 2.5±1.6 mm (p=0.043). Pregnancy rate was higher in intervention group 13 (38.2%) than control group 8 (22.2%) with relative risk 1.72, 95% CI (0.82-3.63%), that was not statistically significant between two groups (p=0.144). Conclusions: Mean changes of endometrial thickness on day of triggering were significantly higher in intervention group than control group. The pregnancy rate achieved with letrozole+estradiol valerate combination was higher than that achieved with letrozole and placebo group

Zinc supplementation in male infertility

Background: Inferile males have been shown to have lower levels of seminal plasma zinc which have been associated with reduced levels of zinc in their blood. Supplementation improve semen parameters by improving zinc level in blood.  Objective: To fnd out whether zinc supplementation is effective in improving semen parameters in oligo­asthenozoospermic patients. Method: The study was carried out in the Infertility unit of the Dept of Obs & Gynae, BSMMU during the period of March 2011 to February 2012. Seventy five oligo-asthenozoospermic patients having no history of medical treatment were recruited for the study. The patients were divided into two groups by odd and even numbers. Odd numbers received tablet zinc 20 mg twice daily (Group A) and even numbers received placebo (Group B).Serum zinc level and seminal zinc level estimation were done by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectropho­tometry and semen analysis was done according to WHO guidelines (1999). Data analysis was done using software SPSS (version 16) by applying ANOVA (PostHock) and Paired Student's 't' test. Results: Serum zinc level was low in oligo­zoospermic patients which showed significant improvement with zinc supplementation (A+ 197.83 mmol/1, P<0.01). Mean (±SD) seminal plasma zinc level showed significant improvement in group A following zinc supplementation (+942.39 mmol/L, P<0.001). The mean increase in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm rapid linear motility, sperm morphology in group A following zinc supplementation for 12 weeks was 14.83 million/ml (P<0.01), 16.30% (P<0.01), 11.96% (P<0.01), 4.26% (P<0.001) respectively, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The study shows zinc deficiency affects sperm count, sperm motility, rapid linear motility and sperm morphology and with zinc supplementa­tion there can be significant improvement in semen parameters

Islamic guidelines for healthful living

This paper highlights the scientific advancements in immunology and other fields that have given deeper insights into healthful living by advocating guidelines similar to the ones revealed to mankind in the 7th century of the common era (CE) in the Qur'an and Hadith. Discussions are made linking published scientific evidence and recent discoveries in the field of immunology and related sciences with the related Islamic guidelines on various aspects of life. Scientific evidence is consistent with the benefits of the guidelines in Islam for cleanliness (e.g. bathing, ablution, miswāk), eating and drinking habits (e.g. giving importance for honey and olive oil, abstinence from alcohol, avoidance of excessive eating), lifestyle (e.g. managing stress, sex habits), breast feeding, and excretion of body waste in public places

Zinc supplementation in male infertility

Background: Inferile males have been shown to have lower levels of seminal plasma zinc which have been associated with reduced levels of zinc in their blood. Supplementation improve semen parameters by improving zinc level in blood. Objective: To fnd out whether zinc supplementation is effective in improving semen parameters in oligo­asthenozoospermic patients.Method: The study was carried out in the Infertility unit of the Dept of Obs &amp; Gynae, BSMMU during the period of March 2011 to February 2012. Seventy five oligo-asthenozoospermic patients having no history of medical treatment were recruited for the study. The patients were divided into two groups by odd and even numbers. Odd numbers received tablet zinc 20 mg twice daily (Group A) and even numbers received placebo (Group B).Serum zinc level and seminal zinc level estimation were done by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectropho­tometry and semen analysis was done according to WHO guidelines (1999). Data analysis was done using software SPSS (version 16) by applying ANOVA (PostHock) and Paired Student's 't' test.Results: Serum zinc level was low in oligo­zoospermic patients which showed significant improvement with zinc supplementation (A+ 197.83 mmol/1, P&lt;0.01). Mean (±SD) seminal plasma zinc level showed significant improvement in group A following zinc supplementation (+942.39 mmol/L, P&lt;0.001). The mean increase in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm rapid linear motility, sperm morphology in group A following zinc supplementation for 12 weeks was 14.83 million/ml (P&lt;0.01), 16.30% (P&lt;0.01), 11.96% (P&lt;0.01), 4.26% (P&lt;0.001) respectively, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: The study shows zinc deficiency affects sperm count, sperm motility, rapid linear motility and sperm morphology and with zinc supplementa­tion there can be significant improvement in semen parameters

Zinc supplementation in male infertility

Background: Inferile males have been shown to have lower levels of seminal plasma zinc which have been associated with reduced levels of zinc in their blood. Supplementation improve semen parameters by improving zinc level in blood. Objective: To fnd out whether zinc supplementation is effective in improving semen parameters in oligo­asthenozoospermic patients.Method: The study was carried out in the Infertility unit of the Dept of Obs &amp; Gynae, BSMMU during the period of March 2011 to February 2012. Seventy five oligo-asthenozoospermic patients having no history of medical treatment were recruited for the study. The patients were divided into two groups by odd and even numbers. Odd numbers received tablet zinc 20 mg twice daily (Group A) and even numbers received placebo (Group B).Serum zinc level and seminal zinc level estimation were done by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectropho­tometry and semen analysis was done according to WHO guidelines (1999). Data analysis was done using software SPSS (version 16) by applying ANOVA (PostHock) and Paired Student\u27s \u27t\u27 test.Results: Serum zinc level was low in oligo­zoospermic patients which showed significant improvement with zinc supplementation (A+ 197.83 mmol/1, P&lt;0.01). Mean (±SD) seminal plasma zinc level showed significant improvement in group A following zinc supplementation (+942.39 mmol/L, P&lt;0.001). The mean increase in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm rapid linear motility, sperm morphology in group A following zinc supplementation for 12 weeks was 14.83 million/ml (P&lt;0.01), 16.30% (P&lt;0.01), 11.96% (P&lt;0.01), 4.26% (P&lt;0.001) respectively, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: The study shows zinc deficiency affects sperm count, sperm motility, rapid linear motility and sperm morphology and with zinc supplementa­tion there can be significant improvement in semen parameters