Pre-monsoon Zonal Wind Index over Tibetan Plateau and sub-seasonal Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability

In this paper, by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique monthly zonal wind indices over Tibetan Plateau (25°N-45°N, 75-105°E) (TP) at 200 hPa have been constructed for the period 1948-2006. These indices are referred as Tibetan Zonal Wind Index (TZWI). The relationship between the TZWI and Indian summer monsoon rainfall on monthly basis has been studied by the correlation analysis. From the analysis, it is observed that pre-monsoon months (April and May) of TZWI show the significant inverse relationship with June and July rainfall over India respectively. The study may be useful for forecasting rainfall activity in June and July months, which are crucial months from the agricultural point of view

Vendor managed forecasting: A case study of small enterprise

Enterprises use supply chain management practices for improving business or supply chain performance. It is observed that supply chain technologies like VMI are now becoming an integral part of enterprise’s strategy. Even small and medium enterprises can adopt this practice and improve the performance of supply chain. This paper discusses vendor managed forecasting with the help of case study. It shows how a small enterprise improves supply chain performance by using demand related information obtained from retailer. The results obtained in the study shows that vendor managed forecasting in supply chain reduces the demand variation and improves inventory management significantly.Peer Reviewe

Assessing Hydrological Response to Changing Climate in the Krishna Basin of India

Impact of climate change on water balance components in the Krishna river basin are investigated using a semidistributed hydrological model namely Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model is calibrated and validated using the measured stream flow and meteorological data for the period (1970-1990) at a single guage outlet. The model has been used further for hydrologic parameter simulations. Daily climate simulations from regional climate model PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) is used as input for running SWAT and monthly hydrologic parameters such as precipitation, surface flow, water yield, Evapotranspiration (ET) and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) are generated under the assumption of no change in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) pattern over time. Simulations at 23 sub-basins of the Krishna basin have been obtained for the control runs (1961-1990) and the for two time slices of future scenarios (2011-2040) and (2041-2070). Model projections indicate increase in the annual discharge, surface runoff and base flow in the basin in mid-century

Association of the pre-monsoon thermal field over north India and the western Tibetan Plateau with summer monsoon rainfall over India

In this paper, interannual variability of tropospheric air temperatures over the Asian summer monsoon region during the pre-monsoon months is examined in relation to Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June to September total rainfall). For this purpose, monthly grid-point temperatures in the entire troposphere over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR data for the period 1949–2012 have been used. Spatial correlation patterns are investigated between the temperature field in the lower tropospheric levels during May over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR. The results indicate a strong and significant northwest–southeast dipole structure in the spatial correlations over the Indian region, with highly significant positive (negative) correlations over the regions of north India and the western Tibetan Plateau region – region R1 (north Bay of Bengal: region R2). The observed dipole is seen significantly up to a level of 850 hPa and eventually disappears at 700 hPa. Thermal indices evaluated at 850 hPa level, based on average air temperatures over the north India and western Tibetan Plateau region (TI1) and the north Bay of Bengal region (TI2) during May, show a strong, significant relationship with the ISMR. The results are found to be consistent and robust, especially in the case of TI1 during the period of analysis. A physical mechanism for the relationship between these indices and ISMR is proposed. Finally the composite annual cycle of tropospheric air temperature over R1 during flood/drought years of ISMR is examined. The study brings out the importance of the TI1 in the prediction of flood/drought conditions over the Indian subcontinent

Forecasting Indian summer monsoon rainfall by outgoing longwave radiation over the Indian Ocean

The satellite derived outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over the Indian Ocean (30°N-30°S and 40°E-100°E) from 1974 to 1996 has been analysed for the relationship with the Indian summer monsoon total (June-September) rainfall. The OLR of two regions appears to be related to summer monsoon rainfall. One of the regions is located over the Head Bay of Bengal (near 22.5°N and 92.5°E) during May and the other one over the south Indian Ocean (near 30°S and 97.5°E) during April. The average OLR (index) for these two regions shows a strong and stable relationship with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and they are found to be independent. A multiple linear regression equation is developed to predict the Indian summer monsoon rainfall using these indexes and the empirical relations are verified on independent data. Good results were obtained in forecasting the summer monsoon rainfall for the whole of India. The forecast of summer monsoon rainfall for west-central India and all-India rainfall for July also appears to be encouraging. The indexes, thus, seem to be useful in long-range forecasting of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall

Development of Moisture Prediction Model for Tea using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Moisture is the most essential parameter for tea leaves for storage and consumption stage as it affects the physical and chemical aspects of tea leaves with which it relates the stability and freshness the tea leaves for a long time. The most essential parameter which affects the quality of tea leaves is moisture for post harvesting, processing, storage and transport. The main aim of this study is to development procedure for moisture content measurements of fresh tea leaves using measurement acquired by electrical properties. Method This relation is obtained the frequency range within between 100 kHz to 300 MHz and moisture content ranges between 2%-75%. A good relation between moisture content and correlate with variations in electrical properties viz. IZI, Ѳz, R, Cp, Cs has been observed by partial least square regression technique. Result Moisture prediction model was developed by applying electrical properties and that the new technique it was observed more accuracy obtained using a single parameter as compared with that moisture measurement. Conclusion the model which is developed can evaluated with in performance the moisture content a commercial moisture meter which is expected

Thermal field over Tibetan Plateau and Indian summer monsson rainfall

The interannual variability of the temperature anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (25-45 °N, 75-105 °E) is examined in relation to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR: June to September total rainfall). For this purpose, the temperature anomaly data of the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau is divided into three regions using principal component analysis and the ISMR data for the period 1957-89 have been used. It is found that the January temperature anomaly of Region 2 has a significant negative relationship (r = -0.67) with the ISMR of the subsequent season. This region is located over the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, mostly in Qinghai province, including the Bayan Harr Mountain range and the Qaidam Basin. This relationship is consistent and robust during the period of analysis and can be used to predict the strength of the Indian summer monsoon in the subsequent season. It was found that the January temperature anomaly in this region was associated with a persistent winter circulation pattern over the Eurasian continent during January through to March. Finally, the variation patterns of the temperature anomalies in all three regions over the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau during extreme years of the ISMR are examined. It is concluded that the January temperature anomaly over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau can be useful in forecasting the drought and flood conditions over India, especially in predicting the monsoon rainfall over the areas lying along the monsoon trough

MuON: Epidemic based mutual anonymity in unstructured P2P networks

A mutual anonymity system enables communication between a client and a service provider without revealing their identities. In general, the anonymity guarantees made by the protocol are enhanced when a large number of participants are recruited into the anonymity system. Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are able to attract a large number of nodes and hence are highly suitable for anonymity systems. However, the churn (changes in system membership) within P2P networks, poses a significant challenge for low-bandwidth reliable anonymous communication in these networks. This paper presents MuON, a protocol to achieve mutual anonymity in unstructured P2P networks. MuON leverages epidemic-style data dissemination to deal with churn. Simulation results and security analysis indicate that MuON provides mutual anonymity in networks with high churn, while maintaining predictable latencies, high reliability, and low communication overhead

RF Based Complex Impedance Measurement

Quality of food is determined in terms of food texture, taste and appearance butmoisture content (MC) of food is a determination factor of quality & stability of the processed food. Complex impedance measurement has several advantages over conventional moisture measurement methods and can be used for portable moisture measurement. This paper presents the Auto Balancing Bridge Circuitry to determine the complex impedance of the grain sample for moisture analysis. The complex impedance measurement has been done using Auto Balancing Bridge method. Experimentation has been done to reduce the losses of internal ABB circuit so that it can provide measurements at high frequency range. At lower radio frequencies, density- independent moisture content determination is achievable with multiple-frequency measurement. Due to operational amplifier's limitations at higher frequencies, proper design of ABB circuit is very crucial in the proposed circuit. Hence, ABB circuit in was simulated in Multisim& best opamp was selected